SOLUTION MANUAL - American Government: Political Development and Institutional Change, 12th Edition by Cal Jillson, All Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Latest Version

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SOLUTION MANUAL
American Government: Political
Development and Institutional Change
12th Edition by Cal Jillson, All Chapters 1 - 16

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TABLEwwOFwwCONTENTS

1. Chapterww1wwThewwOriginswwofwwAmericanwwPoliticalwwPrinciples

2. Chapterww2wwThewwRevolutionwwandwwthewwConstitution

3. Chapterww3wwFederalismwwandwwAmericanwwPoliticalwwDevelopment

4. Chapterww4wwPoliticalwwSocializationwwandwwPublicwwOpinion

5. Chapterww5wwThewwMasswwMediawwandwwthewwPoliticalwwAgenda

6. Chapterww6wwInterestwwGroups:wwThewwPoliticswwofwwInfluence

7. Chapterww7wwPoliticalwwParties:wwWinningwwthewwRightwwtowwGovern

8. Chapterww8wwVoting,wwCampaigns,wwandwwElections

9. Chapterww9wwCongress:wwPartisanship,wwPolarization,wwandwwGridlock

10. Chapterww10wwThewwPresident:wwExecutivewwPowerwwinwwawwSeparationwwofww PowerswwRegim
e

11. Chapterww11wwBureaucracy:wwRedesigningwwGovernmentwwforwwthewwTwenty-FirstwwCentury

12. Chapterww12wwThewwFederalwwCourts:wwActivismwwversuswwRestraint

13. Chapterww13wwCivilwwLiberties:wwOrderedwwLibertywwinwwAmerica

14. Chapterww14wwCivilwwRights:wwWherewwLibertywwandwwEqualitywwCollide

15. Chapterww15wwGovernment,wwThewwEconomy,wwandwwDomesticwwPolicy

16. Chapterww16wwAmerica’swwGlobalwwRolewwinwwthewwTwenty-FirstwwCentury

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Chapterww1
THEwwORIGINSwwOFwwAMERICANwwPOLITICALwwPRINCIPLES

FOCUSwwQUESTIONS

Q1 Whatwwarewwthewwbroadwwpurposeswwofwwgovernment?

A1
Thewwancientswwbelievedwwthewwrolewwofwwgovernmentwwandwwpoliticswwwaswwtow
w fosterwwhumanw w excellence.wwHowever,wwitwwiswwimperativewwtowwrememberwwthatwwt
hewwGreekswwandwwRomansw w believedwwthewwvirtuouswwshouldwwrulewwaccordingwwtow
wnaturalwwlaw.wwFurthermore,wwvaluesofw w equalitywwandwworderwwwouldwwbewwserve

dwwthroughwwawwsocietywwbasedwwuponwwthewwrulewwoflawwwtow w providewwforwwthewwc
ommonwwgood.wwInwwthewwMiddlewwAges,wwgovernmentwwwaswwlargelywwusedw w towwf
acilitatewwreligionwwandwwmaintainedwwthewwneedwwforwwthewwindividualwwtowwlivewwaw
wproperwwlifew w inwwthewwservicewwofwwGod.wwThewwrolewwofwwgovernmentwwchangedww

inwwthewwearlywwsixteenthw w centurywwbywwdownplayingwwthewwrolewwofwwreligionwwwh
ilewwalternativelywwpromotingwwthewwrolew w ofwwlimitedwwgovernmentwwtowwprotectwwp
rivatewwpropertywwandwwindividualwwrights.

Q2 Howwwshouldwwgovernmentwwbewwdesignedwwtowwachievewwitswwpurposes?

A2 AccordingwwtowwPlatowwthewwphilosopher-
king’swwwisdomwwandwwintellectwwwouldwwpromotew w order,wwstabilitywwandwwjustice.ww
Yet,wwAristotlewwtakeswwawwmorewwrealisticwwviewwwofwwAthenianw w societywwbywwadvoc
atingwwthewwbestwwformwwofwwgovernmentwwaswwawwpolity,wwwhichwwcombinedw w oligarc
hicwwandwwdemocraticwwelementswwtowwproducewwpoliticalwwstability.wwThewwRomansw w c
ombinedwwmonarchical,wwaristocratic,wwandwwdemocraticwwprincipleswwaswwawwmixedw w
governmentwwwithinwwrepresentativewwbodieswwlikewwthewwSenatewwandwwthewwAssembl
ywwinwworderw w towwchampionwwthewwcauseswwofwwbothwwthewwrichwwandwwthewwpoor.wwGo
vernmentwwinwwtheMiddlew w Ageswwwaswwdeterminedwwthroughwwdivinewwright,wwwhere
bywwawwmonarchwworwwPopewwwasw w ordainedwwbywwGodwwtowwrule.wwHence,wwwisdom
wwandwwvirtuewwrestedwwwithinwwthesewwfeww w individualswwwhowwgovernedwwtowwpromo

tewwreligiouswwlifewwandwwprotectwwthewwreligiousw w establishment.wwThewwRenaissance,
wwProtestantwwReformation,wwandwwEnlightenmentw w Periodswwshiftedwwthewwrolewwofwwg

overnmentwwfromwwupholdingwwreligiouswwdoctrinewwtoww secularw w concerns,wwsuchwwas
wwprotectingwwinalienablewwrights,wwincludingwwprivateww property,wwandw w promotingw

wcommerce.wwInwwturn,wwEnlightenmentwwpolitical



©ww2023wwTaylorww&wwFrancis

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philosopherswwlargelywwappealedwwtowwindividualismwwandwwnotwwreligiouswwhierarchyw
waswwameansw w towwprovidewworderwwandwwstabilitywwinwwwhichwwindividualswwcouldwwfl

ourish.

Q3
WhatwwlessonswwaboutwwgovernmentwwdidwwcolonialwwAmericanswwdrawwwfromwwthe
wwhistorywwofancientwwGreeceww andw w Rome?



A3
Platowwwaswwsuspiciouswwofwwdemocracy’swwrulewwofwwthewwmanywwbecausewwgo
odwwgovernmentw w wouldwwdecaywwintowwmobwwrule.wwHence,wwthewwpassionswwofwwthew
wmasseswwneededwwtowwbeww quelledw w bywwmorewwaristocraticwwelements.wwWithwwthisw

wproblemwwinwwmind,wwthewwFramerswwofthewwU.S.w w Constitutionwwreferencedwwthewwinst

itutionalwwdesignwwofwwthewwRomanwwrepublicwwadheredwwtow w thewwtraditionwwofwwmix
edwwgovernmentwwinitiallywwexpoundedwwbywwAristotleww andwwthewwRomans.w w Thiswww
aswwmaintainedwwinwwthewwindirectwwselectionwwofwwbothwwthewwSenateandwwthewwpresid
encyw w withinwwthewwConstitution.wwAristotlewwalsowwadvocatedwwmixingwwaristocraticww
andwwdemocraticw w elementswwinwwawwgoverningwwstructurewwcalledwwawwpolity.wwInwwef
fect,wwthiswwgovernmentalwwdesignw w allowedwwthewwfewwwandwwthewwmanywwtowwpartic
ipatewwinwwthewwpoliticswwprovidingwwanwworderlyw w societywwwherewwthewwpoorwwshoul
dwwbewwablewwtowwselectwwgovernmentwwofficialswwwhowwwerewwheldw w accountable.wwT
hiswwwaswwalsowwmadewwmanifestwwinthewwConstitutionwwwithwwitswwaristocratic-
likew w SenatewwandwwthewwmorewwdemocraticwwHousewwofwwRepresentatives.wwThuswwth
ewwAmericanw w republic’swwConstitutionwwestablishedwwinstitutionalwwpowerswwtowwgove
rnwwaccordingwwtowwthew w rulewwofwwlaw.wwWhilewwthewwFramerswwrejectedwwthewwreligi
ouswwhierarchywwofwwthewwMiddlewwAges,w w theywwappealedwwtowwinalienablewwrightsw
wendowedwwuponwweverywwindividualwwbywwGod,wwperwwthew w writingswwofwwJohnwwLoc

ke,wwinwwwhichwwawwjustwwgovernmentwwandwwsocietywwcouldwwnotwwbew w impeded.

Q4
WhatwwcircumstanceswwledwwEuropeanswwtowwleavewwtheirwwhomelandswwtowwsettlewwinwwAmerica
?

A4
Individualswwimmigratedwwtowwthewwcolonieswwtowwescapewwreligiouswwpersecutio
nwwandwwcivilw w unrestwwafterwwthewwEnglishwwCivilwwWarwwandwwtowwpursuewwsocialwwan
dwweconomicww opportunities.w w Colonistswwenjoyedwwawwvastwwarraywwofwwnaturalwwres
ourceswwandwwawwlargewwgeographicalwwareaw w wherewwfreedomwwofwwreligionwwand
wweconomicwwopportunityww flourished.wwAlso,wwtheirw w heterogeneouswwsocialwwcomposi

tionwwaswwwellwwaswwcontinualwwpromotionwwofwwideals,wwsuchwwasw w equalitywwandwwtol
erance,wwtendedwwtowwpromotewwpoliticalwwfreedomwwatwwthewwsamewwtimewwthatw w soci
alwwexpansionwwofwwthewwpopulationwwwaswwoccurring.

Q5
Whatwwdidwwdemocracywwmeanwwtowwourwwcolonialwwancestors,wwandwwdidwwtheywwapprovewwit
?

A5
Thewwcolonistswwwerewwskepticalwwofwwdemocracywwandwwviewedwwthiswwtypewwo
fwwgoverningw w authoritywwaswwmobwwrule.wwSocietywwwaswwlargelywwseenwwaswwsegme
ntedwwintowwthosewwwhowwshouldw w rulewwandwwthosewwwhowwshouldwwnot.wwInwwfact,wwth
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