CNSC Exam QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
BEST EXAM SOLUTION LATEST
UPDATE 2025/2026 RATED A+
Which of the following practices is most likely to succeed in improving oral nutrient intake in
patients with a prolonged history of weight loss due to poor intake, nausea, and depressed appetite? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Offering 6 small, low-fat meals daily
Which of the following statements explains why fermentable fiber is a beneficial addition to enteral
formulas - CORRECT ANSWERS Colonic bacteria act on the fiber to produce short-chain fatty
acids (SCFAs) that provide an energy
source to the intestinal mucosa.
Colonic bacteria act on the fiber to produce SCFAs, which, in turn, exert trophic effects on the
intestinal mucosa.
Fermentable fiber may help control diarrhea by slowing gastric emptying
Which of the following nutrients is added to rehydration liquids to promote water absorption in
patients with diarrhea - CORRECT ANSWERS Sodium and glucose
Which of the following is the largest component of total energy expenditure (TEE)? - CORRECT
ANSWERS RMR (60-75%)
Which of the following is the most commonly used method for assessing energy expenditure? -
CORRECT ANSWERS predictive equations
You are determining the energy intake target for a 53-year-old, critically ill, male patient who is about
to start enteral feeding. He is 170 cm in height and weighs 150 kg. His body mass index (BMI) is 51.9
and his ideal body weight is 70 kg. Body temperature is 37.3 degrees Celsius and minute ventilation
,is 12.5 L/min. Based on the 2016 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN)
guideline for calculating a goal energy intake for such a critically ill patient, 1 what energy value
would you use as the basis for the feeding plan? - CORRECT ANSWERS For class III obesity, use
22-25 kcal/kg IBW (ASPEN guideline emphasizes the kcal/kg method)
Which parameter is measured when using IC? - CORRECT ANSWERS gas exchange
Which of the following is true about the net chemical reaction of glucose catabolism? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Both water and carbon dioxide (CO ) are produced.
Which of the following incorrectly pairs a metabolic process with its site of occurrence? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and mitochondrial membrane
Which of the following is least likely to occur during oxygen debt? - CORRECT ANSWERS Buildup
of pyruvate
Which of the following statements best describes the human gut microbiota? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Trillions of bacteria currently comprise the human gut microbiota
Which of the following statements best describes a probiotic? - CORRECT ANSWERS A probiotic
is a "live nonpathogenic organism (bacteria or yeast) which when administered in
adequate amounts confers a health benefit on the host."
Which of the following statements best describes a prebiotic? - CORRECT ANSWERS Prebiotics
are dietary polysaccharides that escape digestion by the host enzymes, are fermented by
the gut microbiota, and influence the gut microbiota pattern in a beneficial manner.
What are some of the possible ramifications of activation of the enzyme, phospholipase A ? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent, eicosanoid-mediated inflammatory reactions
, How might propofol, when provided to patients within a 10% (w/v) lipid injectable emulsion (ILE),
increase risk of hypertriglyceridemia? (Refer to the section on "Parenteral Delivery and Metabolism
of Lipid Injectable Emulsions" for an explanation of this new terminology to replace intravenous fat
emulsion [IVFE]). - CORRECT ANSWERS The increased presence of liposomes in the propofol ILE
may interfere with chylomicron and
pseudo-chylomicron metabolism.
Which ionized form of a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA; up to 6 carbons in length) is thought to be the
most important to colonic health and why? - CORRECT ANSWERS Butyrate (thought to modify
inflammatory activity and promote colon health)
Which of the following statements is true relating to hydrochloric acid (HCl) and protein digestion? -
CORRECT ANSWERS HCl denatures protein structures to make them more susceptible to
enzymatic action
During protein metabolism, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs): - CORRECT ANSWERS Produce
oxidative wastes during metabolism within the skeletal muscle, which are removed by
alanine and glutamine (BCAA have minimal extraction by the liver)
Proteins perform all the following physiological functions except: - CORRECT ANSWERS --
>Provide a major source of energy
Maintain acid-base balance (primary buffer)
Contribute to immune defense (all cells in immune system made up of protein).
Serve as a mode of transport for substances (protein primary carriers)
The rate of protein turnover in catabolic, critically ill patients: - CORRECT ANSWERS Increases
BEST EXAM SOLUTION LATEST
UPDATE 2025/2026 RATED A+
Which of the following practices is most likely to succeed in improving oral nutrient intake in
patients with a prolonged history of weight loss due to poor intake, nausea, and depressed appetite? -
CORRECT ANSWERS Offering 6 small, low-fat meals daily
Which of the following statements explains why fermentable fiber is a beneficial addition to enteral
formulas - CORRECT ANSWERS Colonic bacteria act on the fiber to produce short-chain fatty
acids (SCFAs) that provide an energy
source to the intestinal mucosa.
Colonic bacteria act on the fiber to produce SCFAs, which, in turn, exert trophic effects on the
intestinal mucosa.
Fermentable fiber may help control diarrhea by slowing gastric emptying
Which of the following nutrients is added to rehydration liquids to promote water absorption in
patients with diarrhea - CORRECT ANSWERS Sodium and glucose
Which of the following is the largest component of total energy expenditure (TEE)? - CORRECT
ANSWERS RMR (60-75%)
Which of the following is the most commonly used method for assessing energy expenditure? -
CORRECT ANSWERS predictive equations
You are determining the energy intake target for a 53-year-old, critically ill, male patient who is about
to start enteral feeding. He is 170 cm in height and weighs 150 kg. His body mass index (BMI) is 51.9
and his ideal body weight is 70 kg. Body temperature is 37.3 degrees Celsius and minute ventilation
,is 12.5 L/min. Based on the 2016 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN)
guideline for calculating a goal energy intake for such a critically ill patient, 1 what energy value
would you use as the basis for the feeding plan? - CORRECT ANSWERS For class III obesity, use
22-25 kcal/kg IBW (ASPEN guideline emphasizes the kcal/kg method)
Which parameter is measured when using IC? - CORRECT ANSWERS gas exchange
Which of the following is true about the net chemical reaction of glucose catabolism? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Both water and carbon dioxide (CO ) are produced.
Which of the following incorrectly pairs a metabolic process with its site of occurrence? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and mitochondrial membrane
Which of the following is least likely to occur during oxygen debt? - CORRECT ANSWERS Buildup
of pyruvate
Which of the following statements best describes the human gut microbiota? - CORRECT ANSWERS
Trillions of bacteria currently comprise the human gut microbiota
Which of the following statements best describes a probiotic? - CORRECT ANSWERS A probiotic
is a "live nonpathogenic organism (bacteria or yeast) which when administered in
adequate amounts confers a health benefit on the host."
Which of the following statements best describes a prebiotic? - CORRECT ANSWERS Prebiotics
are dietary polysaccharides that escape digestion by the host enzymes, are fermented by
the gut microbiota, and influence the gut microbiota pattern in a beneficial manner.
What are some of the possible ramifications of activation of the enzyme, phospholipase A ? - CORRECT
ANSWERS Cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent, eicosanoid-mediated inflammatory reactions
, How might propofol, when provided to patients within a 10% (w/v) lipid injectable emulsion (ILE),
increase risk of hypertriglyceridemia? (Refer to the section on "Parenteral Delivery and Metabolism
of Lipid Injectable Emulsions" for an explanation of this new terminology to replace intravenous fat
emulsion [IVFE]). - CORRECT ANSWERS The increased presence of liposomes in the propofol ILE
may interfere with chylomicron and
pseudo-chylomicron metabolism.
Which ionized form of a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA; up to 6 carbons in length) is thought to be the
most important to colonic health and why? - CORRECT ANSWERS Butyrate (thought to modify
inflammatory activity and promote colon health)
Which of the following statements is true relating to hydrochloric acid (HCl) and protein digestion? -
CORRECT ANSWERS HCl denatures protein structures to make them more susceptible to
enzymatic action
During protein metabolism, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs): - CORRECT ANSWERS Produce
oxidative wastes during metabolism within the skeletal muscle, which are removed by
alanine and glutamine (BCAA have minimal extraction by the liver)
Proteins perform all the following physiological functions except: - CORRECT ANSWERS --
>Provide a major source of energy
Maintain acid-base balance (primary buffer)
Contribute to immune defense (all cells in immune system made up of protein).
Serve as a mode of transport for substances (protein primary carriers)
The rate of protein turnover in catabolic, critically ill patients: - CORRECT ANSWERS Increases
