Geography 1900 Midterm 2 Exam with accurate ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
detailed solutions
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Component 1: Ocean - correct answer✔✔Covers 70% of the Earth's surface ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Component 2: Sea Ice - correct answer✔✔sea ice ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Component 3: Land - correct answer✔✔Ice sheet, glaciers and snow cover. Greenland ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
ice sheet holds 7m of global sea level equivalent. Mountain glaciers provide the fresh
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water supply for millions of people. >1000 major rivers flow on the seven continents.
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Mississippi River(#6), Amazon River (#1), Yangtze River (#4) ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Component 4: Atmosphere - correct answer✔✔Water vapor flows in the atmosphere. ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Precipitation drives many atmospheric circulations which in turn transport water around ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
the world. A significant fraction of the human body is water (~75%). Every 16 days nearly
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100% of the water in a human body is exchanged. So the water we drink may com from
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all over the world. Therefore we need to protect the environment because any pollution
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
we put into the environment may someday come back into our bodies.
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Water - correct answer✔✔water is unique on earth because it can exist in all 3 states
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(phases). 3 states (gas, liquid, solid) depending on how the molecules are connected ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
together. Can change form any state to any other state. Latent heat is consumed or ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
released in a phase change. Evaporation -> liberation of water molecules, requires ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
energy.
Evaporation - correct answer✔✔Molecules escape into the overlying volume as water ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
vapor during evaporation. energy must be available at the water surface. water vapor
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increases in air as surface water evaporates. ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Condensation - correct answer✔✔Water vapor molecules randomly collide with the water ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
surface and bond with adjacent molecules during condensation.
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, Saturation - correct answer✔✔There is an equilibrium between evaporation and
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condensation during saturation. Upon saturation, evaporation rate equals condensation ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
rate.
Deposition - correct answer✔✔Water vapor (gas) can change directly into ice or ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
snow(solid)
Sublimation - correct answer✔✔Ice or snow(solid) can turn directly into water vapor (gas) ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Humidity - correct answer✔✔Around of water vapor in air ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Vapor Pressure - correct answer✔✔the partial pressure exerted by water vapor
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Saturation vapor pressure (SVP) - correct answer✔✔maximum amount of vapor that can
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exist at a given temperature, increase w/ Tair.
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Absolute Humidity - correct answer✔✔Density of water vapor expressed in g/m^3
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Specific Humidity - correct answer✔✔Mass of water vapor (g) per mass of air (kg) in
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(g/kg)
Saturation specific humidity - correct answer✔✔highest specific humidity for a given
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temperature and pressure ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Mixing ratio - correct answer✔✔around of water vapor (g) relative only to mass of dry air
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(kg)
Saturation mixing ratio - correct answer✔✔maximum mixing ratio ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
detailed solutions
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Component 1: Ocean - correct answer✔✔Covers 70% of the Earth's surface ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Component 2: Sea Ice - correct answer✔✔sea ice ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Component 3: Land - correct answer✔✔Ice sheet, glaciers and snow cover. Greenland ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
ice sheet holds 7m of global sea level equivalent. Mountain glaciers provide the fresh
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
water supply for millions of people. >1000 major rivers flow on the seven continents.
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Mississippi River(#6), Amazon River (#1), Yangtze River (#4) ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Component 4: Atmosphere - correct answer✔✔Water vapor flows in the atmosphere. ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Precipitation drives many atmospheric circulations which in turn transport water around ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
the world. A significant fraction of the human body is water (~75%). Every 16 days nearly
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
100% of the water in a human body is exchanged. So the water we drink may com from
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all over the world. Therefore we need to protect the environment because any pollution
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
we put into the environment may someday come back into our bodies.
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Water - correct answer✔✔water is unique on earth because it can exist in all 3 states
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
(phases). 3 states (gas, liquid, solid) depending on how the molecules are connected ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
together. Can change form any state to any other state. Latent heat is consumed or ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
released in a phase change. Evaporation -> liberation of water molecules, requires ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
energy.
Evaporation - correct answer✔✔Molecules escape into the overlying volume as water ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
vapor during evaporation. energy must be available at the water surface. water vapor
||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
increases in air as surface water evaporates. ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Condensation - correct answer✔✔Water vapor molecules randomly collide with the water ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
surface and bond with adjacent molecules during condensation.
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, Saturation - correct answer✔✔There is an equilibrium between evaporation and
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condensation during saturation. Upon saturation, evaporation rate equals condensation ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
rate.
Deposition - correct answer✔✔Water vapor (gas) can change directly into ice or ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
snow(solid)
Sublimation - correct answer✔✔Ice or snow(solid) can turn directly into water vapor (gas) ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Humidity - correct answer✔✔Around of water vapor in air ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Vapor Pressure - correct answer✔✔the partial pressure exerted by water vapor
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Saturation vapor pressure (SVP) - correct answer✔✔maximum amount of vapor that can
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exist at a given temperature, increase w/ Tair.
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Absolute Humidity - correct answer✔✔Density of water vapor expressed in g/m^3
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Specific Humidity - correct answer✔✔Mass of water vapor (g) per mass of air (kg) in
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(g/kg)
Saturation specific humidity - correct answer✔✔highest specific humidity for a given
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temperature and pressure ||//\\|| ||//\\||
Mixing ratio - correct answer✔✔around of water vapor (g) relative only to mass of dry air
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(kg)
Saturation mixing ratio - correct answer✔✔maximum mixing ratio ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\|| ||//\\||
