Information Technology Management
C954 EXAM 2025 VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND GUARANTEED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
(CERTIFIED).
Information age - Answer- when infinite quantities of facts are widely available to
anyone who can use a computer
Data - Answer- raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object
Core drivers of the information age - Answer- 1. Data
2. Information
3. Business Intelligence
4. Knowledge
Information - Answer- Data converted into a meaningful and useful context
Business Intelligence (BI) - Answer- Information collected from multiple sources such as
suppliers, customers, competitors, partners, and industries that analyzes patterns,
trends, and relationships for strategic decision making
Accounting - Answer- records, measures, and reports monetary transactions
Finance - Answer- deals with strategic financial issues including money, banking, credit,
investments, and assets
Human Resources - Answer- maintains policies, plans, and procedures for the effective
management of employees
Marketing - Answer- supports sales by planning, pricing, and promoting goods or
services
Operations Management - Answer- manages the process of converting or transforming
resources into goods or services
System - Answer- a collection of parts that link to achieve a common purpose
Systems Thinking - Answer- a way of monitoring the entire system by viewing multiple
inputs being processed or transformed to produce outputs while continuously gathering
feedback on each part
,Management Information Systems (MIS) - Answer- a business function which moves
information about people, products, and processes across the company to facilitate
decision making and problem solving
fact - Answer- the confirmation or validation of an event or object
Internet of Things (IoT) - Answer- a world where interconnected, Internet-enabled
devices or "things" can collect and share data without human intervention
Machine-to-Machine (M2M) - Answer- refers to devices that connect directly to other
devices
data aggregation - Answer- the collection of data from various sources for the purpose
of data processing
structured data - Answer- Data that has a defined length, type, and format and includes
numbers, dates, or strings (Customer Address)
machine-generated data - Answer- data created by a machine without human
intervention
human-generated data - Answer- data that humans, in interaction with computers,
generate
unstructured data - Answer- Data that is not defined and does not follow a specified
format and is typically free-form text (as emails, Twitter tweets, and text messages)
big data - Answer- a collection of large, complex data sets, including structured and
unstructured data, which cannot be analyzed using traditional database methods and
tools
snapshot - Answer- a view of data at a particular moment in time
report - Answer- a document containing data organized in a table, matrix, or graphical
format allowing users to easily comprehend and understand information
static report - Answer- a report created once based on data that does not change
dynamic report - Answer- a report that changes automatically during creation
variable - Answer- a data characteristic that stands for a value that changes or varies
over time
analytics - Answer- the science of fact-based decision making
,predictive analytics - Answer- extracts information from data and uses it to predict future
trends and identify behavioral patterns
behavioral analytics - Answer- uses data about people's behaviors to understand intent
and predict future actions
knowledge - Answer- Skills, experience, and expertise coupled with information and
intelligence that creates a person's intellectual resources
knowledge workers - Answer- individuals valued for their ability to interpret and analyze
information
business unit - Answer- a segment of a company (such as accounting, production,
marketing) representing a specific business function
information silo - Answer- occurs when one business unit is unable to freely
communicate with other business units making it difficult or impossible for organizations
to work cross-functionally
goods - Answer- material items or products that customers will buy to satisfy a want or
need
Services - Answer- tasks that businesses perform for consumers
production - Answer- the process where a business takes raw materials and processes
them or converts them into a finished product for its goods or services
productivity - Answer- The rate at which goods and services are produced based upon
total output and total inputs
Feedback - Answer- information that returns to its original transmitter (input, transform,
or output) and modifies the transmitter's actions
Four primary traits that determine the value of information - Answer- (1) information
type: transactional and analytical
(2) information timelines
(3) information quality
(4) information governance
Database - Answer- maintains information about various types of objects (inventory),
events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses)
Database Management System (DBMS) - Answer- creates, reads, updates, and deletes
data in a database while controlling access and security
, relational database model - Answer- allows users to create, read, update, and delete
data in a relational database
Business advantages of a relational database - Answer- increased flexibility, increased
scalability and performance, reduced information redundancy, increased information
integrity, increased information security
Data-driven website advantages - Answer- 1. Easy to manage content
2. Easy to store large amounts of data
3. Easy to eliminate human errors
data-driven website - Answer- an interactive website kept constantly updated and
relevant to the needs of its customers using a database
Reasons to integrate Databases - Answer- Integration allows separate systems to
communicate directly with each other.
data stewardship - Answer- the management and oversight of an organization's data
assets to help provide business users with high-quality data that is easily accessible in a
consistent manner
data gap analysis - Answer- occurs when a company examines its data to determine if it
can meet business expectations, while identifying possible data gaps or where missing
data might exist
data steward - Answer- responsible for ensuring the policies and procedures are
implemented across the organization and acts as a liaison between the MIS department
and the business
data governance - Answer- refers to the overall management of the availability,
usability, integrity, and security of company data
Data Validation - Answer- includes the tests and evaluations used to determine
compliance with data governance policies to ensure correctness of data
query-by-example (QBE) tool - Answer- helps users graphically design the answer to a
question against a database
Structured Query Language (SQL) - Answer- users write lines of code to answer
questions against a database
data model - Answer- logical data structures that detail the relationships among data
elements using graphics or pictures
Metadata - Answer- data (details) about data
C954 EXAM 2025 VERIFIED
QUESTIONS AND GUARANTEED
ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+
(CERTIFIED).
Information age - Answer- when infinite quantities of facts are widely available to
anyone who can use a computer
Data - Answer- raw facts that describe the characteristics of an event or object
Core drivers of the information age - Answer- 1. Data
2. Information
3. Business Intelligence
4. Knowledge
Information - Answer- Data converted into a meaningful and useful context
Business Intelligence (BI) - Answer- Information collected from multiple sources such as
suppliers, customers, competitors, partners, and industries that analyzes patterns,
trends, and relationships for strategic decision making
Accounting - Answer- records, measures, and reports monetary transactions
Finance - Answer- deals with strategic financial issues including money, banking, credit,
investments, and assets
Human Resources - Answer- maintains policies, plans, and procedures for the effective
management of employees
Marketing - Answer- supports sales by planning, pricing, and promoting goods or
services
Operations Management - Answer- manages the process of converting or transforming
resources into goods or services
System - Answer- a collection of parts that link to achieve a common purpose
Systems Thinking - Answer- a way of monitoring the entire system by viewing multiple
inputs being processed or transformed to produce outputs while continuously gathering
feedback on each part
,Management Information Systems (MIS) - Answer- a business function which moves
information about people, products, and processes across the company to facilitate
decision making and problem solving
fact - Answer- the confirmation or validation of an event or object
Internet of Things (IoT) - Answer- a world where interconnected, Internet-enabled
devices or "things" can collect and share data without human intervention
Machine-to-Machine (M2M) - Answer- refers to devices that connect directly to other
devices
data aggregation - Answer- the collection of data from various sources for the purpose
of data processing
structured data - Answer- Data that has a defined length, type, and format and includes
numbers, dates, or strings (Customer Address)
machine-generated data - Answer- data created by a machine without human
intervention
human-generated data - Answer- data that humans, in interaction with computers,
generate
unstructured data - Answer- Data that is not defined and does not follow a specified
format and is typically free-form text (as emails, Twitter tweets, and text messages)
big data - Answer- a collection of large, complex data sets, including structured and
unstructured data, which cannot be analyzed using traditional database methods and
tools
snapshot - Answer- a view of data at a particular moment in time
report - Answer- a document containing data organized in a table, matrix, or graphical
format allowing users to easily comprehend and understand information
static report - Answer- a report created once based on data that does not change
dynamic report - Answer- a report that changes automatically during creation
variable - Answer- a data characteristic that stands for a value that changes or varies
over time
analytics - Answer- the science of fact-based decision making
,predictive analytics - Answer- extracts information from data and uses it to predict future
trends and identify behavioral patterns
behavioral analytics - Answer- uses data about people's behaviors to understand intent
and predict future actions
knowledge - Answer- Skills, experience, and expertise coupled with information and
intelligence that creates a person's intellectual resources
knowledge workers - Answer- individuals valued for their ability to interpret and analyze
information
business unit - Answer- a segment of a company (such as accounting, production,
marketing) representing a specific business function
information silo - Answer- occurs when one business unit is unable to freely
communicate with other business units making it difficult or impossible for organizations
to work cross-functionally
goods - Answer- material items or products that customers will buy to satisfy a want or
need
Services - Answer- tasks that businesses perform for consumers
production - Answer- the process where a business takes raw materials and processes
them or converts them into a finished product for its goods or services
productivity - Answer- The rate at which goods and services are produced based upon
total output and total inputs
Feedback - Answer- information that returns to its original transmitter (input, transform,
or output) and modifies the transmitter's actions
Four primary traits that determine the value of information - Answer- (1) information
type: transactional and analytical
(2) information timelines
(3) information quality
(4) information governance
Database - Answer- maintains information about various types of objects (inventory),
events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses)
Database Management System (DBMS) - Answer- creates, reads, updates, and deletes
data in a database while controlling access and security
, relational database model - Answer- allows users to create, read, update, and delete
data in a relational database
Business advantages of a relational database - Answer- increased flexibility, increased
scalability and performance, reduced information redundancy, increased information
integrity, increased information security
Data-driven website advantages - Answer- 1. Easy to manage content
2. Easy to store large amounts of data
3. Easy to eliminate human errors
data-driven website - Answer- an interactive website kept constantly updated and
relevant to the needs of its customers using a database
Reasons to integrate Databases - Answer- Integration allows separate systems to
communicate directly with each other.
data stewardship - Answer- the management and oversight of an organization's data
assets to help provide business users with high-quality data that is easily accessible in a
consistent manner
data gap analysis - Answer- occurs when a company examines its data to determine if it
can meet business expectations, while identifying possible data gaps or where missing
data might exist
data steward - Answer- responsible for ensuring the policies and procedures are
implemented across the organization and acts as a liaison between the MIS department
and the business
data governance - Answer- refers to the overall management of the availability,
usability, integrity, and security of company data
Data Validation - Answer- includes the tests and evaluations used to determine
compliance with data governance policies to ensure correctness of data
query-by-example (QBE) tool - Answer- helps users graphically design the answer to a
question against a database
Structured Query Language (SQL) - Answer- users write lines of code to answer
questions against a database
data model - Answer- logical data structures that detail the relationships among data
elements using graphics or pictures
Metadata - Answer- data (details) about data
