ATI TEAS 6 - SCIENCE (HUMAN ANATOMY
AND PHYSIOLOGY) EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Hierarchy |of |Structures
Lowest |Hierarchy |level |is |at |Organelles |within |a |cell. |They |obtain |energy |from |food
|and |reproduction.
-Cells |with |the |same |function |are |collected |into |larger |groups |called |Tissues.
-Tissues |are |collected |into |Organs, |carry |out |single |task, |like |oxygenated |blood |(lungs),
|or |filter |out |waste |(kidneys).
-Organs |work |together |in |systems |that |perform |coordinated |large-scale |functions, |like
|nourishing |the |body |(digestive) |or |protecting |the |body |from |attacks |(immune).
Cell |Parts
Organelles: |Cell |parts |that |function |within |a |cell. |They |coordinate |with |other |organelles
|to |performs |a |cell's |basic |function, |like |energy |processing |and |waste |excretion.
~Examples: |Ribosomes, |Golgi |Apparatus, |Mitochondria, |The |Nucleus.
The |Nucleus
,-Nucleus: |Small |structure |that |contains |Chromosomes |and |Regulates |the |DNA |of |a
|cell. |Defining |structure |of |eukaryotic |cells. |It |is |responsible |for |the |passing |on |of
|genetic |traits |between |generations.
-Contains: |nuclear |envelope, |nucleoplasm, |a |nucleolus, |nuclear |pores, |chromatin, |and
|ribosomes.
Chromosomes
Highly |condensed, |threadlike |rods |of |DNA. |DNA |is |genetic |material |that |stores
|information |about |the |plant |or |animal.
Chromatin
Consists |of |the |DNA |and |Proteins |that |make |up |chromosomes.
Nucleolus
Structure |contained |within |the |nucleus, |consists |of |proteins. |Small, |Round, |and |does
|not |have |a |membrane. |Involved |in |protein |synthesis, |and |synthesizes |and |stores
|RNA.
Nuclear |Envelope
Encloses |the |nucleus. |Consists |of |inner |and |outer |membranes |made |of |lipids.
Nuclear |Pores
Involved |in |exchange |of |material |between |nucleus |and |the |cytoplasm.
Nucleoplasm
Liquid within the membrane and is similar to cytoplasm.
| | | | | | | |
Cell |Membrane
"Plasma |Membrane"
-Made |of |Lipids |and |Proteins
,-Isolates |the |cell |from |its |external |environment |while |still |enabling |the |cellar |to
|communicate |with |the |outside |environment.
-Consists: |Phospholipid |bilayer |with |the |hydrophilic |ends |of |the |outer |layer |facing
|external |environment.
~Cholesterol: |Adds |stiffness |and |flexibility |
~Glycolipids: |Help |cell |to |recognize |other |cells |of |the |organisms.
~Proteins: |Help |give |cells |shape
~Special |Proteins: |Helps |cell |communicate |with |external |environment.
~Other |Proteins: |Transport |molecules |across |membrane
Selective |Permeability
With |regard |to |size, |charge, |and |solubility. |
-Size: |Membrane |allows |small |molecules |to |diffuse |through |it. |Oxygen |and |Water
|molecules |are |small |and |can |pass |through |the |cells |membrane.
-Charge: |Ions |on |a |cells |surface |either |attracts |or |repels |ions. |Ions |with |like |charges
|are |repelled, |and |ions |with |opposite |charges |are |attracted |to |the |surface. |
-Solubility: |Molecules |that |are |soluble |in |phospholipids |can |usually |pass |through |the
|membrane. |Many |are |not |able |to |diffuse |the |membrane, |and |if |anything |they'll |have |to
|be |moved |through |by |active |transport |and |vesicles
Cell |Structures
Inside |the |cell. |Contain: |Ribosomes, |Golgi |Apparatus, |Vacuoles, |Vesicles, |Cytoskeleton,
|Microtubules, |Cytosol, |Cytoplasm, |Cell |Membrane, |Endoplasmic |Reticulum,
|Mitochondria
, Ribosomes
Involved |in |synthesizing |proteins |from |amino |acids. |
-Make |up |about |a |quarter |of |a |cell. |
-Some |are |embedded |in |the |Rough |Endoplasmic |Reticulum |(Rough |ER)
Golgi |Apparatus
Involved |in |synthesizing |materials |like |proteins |that |are |transported |out |of |the |cell. |
~Modifies |and |Packages |proteins |secreted |from |the |cell.
-Located |near |the |nucleus |and |has |layers |of |membranes.
Vacuoles
Sacs |used |for |storage, |digestion, |and |waste |removal. |
-Plant: |Has |one |large |vacuole
-Animal: |Has |small, |sometimes |numerous |vacuoles.
AND PHYSIOLOGY) EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Hierarchy |of |Structures
Lowest |Hierarchy |level |is |at |Organelles |within |a |cell. |They |obtain |energy |from |food
|and |reproduction.
-Cells |with |the |same |function |are |collected |into |larger |groups |called |Tissues.
-Tissues |are |collected |into |Organs, |carry |out |single |task, |like |oxygenated |blood |(lungs),
|or |filter |out |waste |(kidneys).
-Organs |work |together |in |systems |that |perform |coordinated |large-scale |functions, |like
|nourishing |the |body |(digestive) |or |protecting |the |body |from |attacks |(immune).
Cell |Parts
Organelles: |Cell |parts |that |function |within |a |cell. |They |coordinate |with |other |organelles
|to |performs |a |cell's |basic |function, |like |energy |processing |and |waste |excretion.
~Examples: |Ribosomes, |Golgi |Apparatus, |Mitochondria, |The |Nucleus.
The |Nucleus
,-Nucleus: |Small |structure |that |contains |Chromosomes |and |Regulates |the |DNA |of |a
|cell. |Defining |structure |of |eukaryotic |cells. |It |is |responsible |for |the |passing |on |of
|genetic |traits |between |generations.
-Contains: |nuclear |envelope, |nucleoplasm, |a |nucleolus, |nuclear |pores, |chromatin, |and
|ribosomes.
Chromosomes
Highly |condensed, |threadlike |rods |of |DNA. |DNA |is |genetic |material |that |stores
|information |about |the |plant |or |animal.
Chromatin
Consists |of |the |DNA |and |Proteins |that |make |up |chromosomes.
Nucleolus
Structure |contained |within |the |nucleus, |consists |of |proteins. |Small, |Round, |and |does
|not |have |a |membrane. |Involved |in |protein |synthesis, |and |synthesizes |and |stores
|RNA.
Nuclear |Envelope
Encloses |the |nucleus. |Consists |of |inner |and |outer |membranes |made |of |lipids.
Nuclear |Pores
Involved |in |exchange |of |material |between |nucleus |and |the |cytoplasm.
Nucleoplasm
Liquid within the membrane and is similar to cytoplasm.
| | | | | | | |
Cell |Membrane
"Plasma |Membrane"
-Made |of |Lipids |and |Proteins
,-Isolates |the |cell |from |its |external |environment |while |still |enabling |the |cellar |to
|communicate |with |the |outside |environment.
-Consists: |Phospholipid |bilayer |with |the |hydrophilic |ends |of |the |outer |layer |facing
|external |environment.
~Cholesterol: |Adds |stiffness |and |flexibility |
~Glycolipids: |Help |cell |to |recognize |other |cells |of |the |organisms.
~Proteins: |Help |give |cells |shape
~Special |Proteins: |Helps |cell |communicate |with |external |environment.
~Other |Proteins: |Transport |molecules |across |membrane
Selective |Permeability
With |regard |to |size, |charge, |and |solubility. |
-Size: |Membrane |allows |small |molecules |to |diffuse |through |it. |Oxygen |and |Water
|molecules |are |small |and |can |pass |through |the |cells |membrane.
-Charge: |Ions |on |a |cells |surface |either |attracts |or |repels |ions. |Ions |with |like |charges
|are |repelled, |and |ions |with |opposite |charges |are |attracted |to |the |surface. |
-Solubility: |Molecules |that |are |soluble |in |phospholipids |can |usually |pass |through |the
|membrane. |Many |are |not |able |to |diffuse |the |membrane, |and |if |anything |they'll |have |to
|be |moved |through |by |active |transport |and |vesicles
Cell |Structures
Inside |the |cell. |Contain: |Ribosomes, |Golgi |Apparatus, |Vacuoles, |Vesicles, |Cytoskeleton,
|Microtubules, |Cytosol, |Cytoplasm, |Cell |Membrane, |Endoplasmic |Reticulum,
|Mitochondria
, Ribosomes
Involved |in |synthesizing |proteins |from |amino |acids. |
-Make |up |about |a |quarter |of |a |cell. |
-Some |are |embedded |in |the |Rough |Endoplasmic |Reticulum |(Rough |ER)
Golgi |Apparatus
Involved |in |synthesizing |materials |like |proteins |that |are |transported |out |of |the |cell. |
~Modifies |and |Packages |proteins |secreted |from |the |cell.
-Located |near |the |nucleus |and |has |layers |of |membranes.
Vacuoles
Sacs |used |for |storage, |digestion, |and |waste |removal. |
-Plant: |Has |one |large |vacuole
-Animal: |Has |small, |sometimes |numerous |vacuoles.
