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Pathophysiology Exam 1 Review – NURS 231 / BIOD 331 (Portage Learning, 2025 Verified Q&A)

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This exam provides the latest verified review questions and answers for Exam 1 in Pathophysiology (NURS 231 / BIOD 331) at Portage Learning. Topics include cellular adaptation (hypertrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia), necrosis types, apoptosis, mechanisms of cell injury, tissue types, and key epidemiological terms such as incidence, prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. It also covers diagnostic test characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, reliability, validity) and levels of prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary). The material is designed to help nursing students prepare effectively with concise, accurate answers aligned with the 2025 update.

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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 REVIEW
FOR NURS 231/BIOD 331 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE/
VERIFIED 2025


What is the definition of hypertrophy? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- An
increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the size
of its cells.


Can hypertrophy occur under normal conditions? - CORRECT
ANSWER ✔✔- Yes, hypertrophy can occur under normal and
pathological conditions.


Is hypertrophy characterized by an increase in the number of cells? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- No, hypertrophy is characterized by an
increase in the size of cells, not the number of cells.


What is hyperplasia? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- An increase in the
number of cells in an organ or tissue.


What can persistent metaplasia lead to? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔-
Persistent metaplasia can lead to dysplasia.



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, What is the relationship between dysplasia and cancer? - CORRECT
ANSWER ✔✔- Persistent dysplasia eventually results in cancer.


Is Barrett's esophagus an example of dysplasia? - CORRECT ANSWER
✔✔- No, Barrett's esophagus is an example of metaplasia.


What is the effect of an illness on one's life called? - CORRECT
ANSWER ✔✔- Morbidity.


Which organelle is involved in cellular respiration? - CORRECT
ANSWER ✔✔- Mitochondria.


What role do mitochondria play besides cellular respiration? -
CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- They play a role in apoptosis.


What is the function of proteins in the cell membrane? - CORRECT
ANSWER ✔✔- Proteins carry out the functions of the cell membrane.


What are lysosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Lysosomes are the
digestive system of the cell.


What are microfilaments? - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔- Microfilaments
are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures.



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