NR565 / NR 565 Final Exam – Advanced
Pharmacology
Topic 1: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Q1. Which of the following best defines pharmacokinetics?
a) The effect of the drug on the body
b) The movement of the drug through the body
c) The interaction between drugs and receptors
d) The therapeutic effect produced by the drug
Answer: b) The movement of the drug through the body
Q2. The "first-pass effect" refers to:
a) Drug distribution into body tissues
b) Metabolism of the drug in the liver before reaching systemic circulation
c) Excretion of drugs through the kidneys
d) Binding of drugs to plasma proteins
Answer: b) Metabolism of the drug in the liver before reaching systemic circulation
Q3. Which pharmacokinetic process is most influenced by protein binding?
a) Absorption
,b) Distribution
c) Metabolism
d) Excretion
Answer: b) Distribution
Q4. The therapeutic index (TI) of a drug is:
a) Ratio of toxic dose to effective dose
b) Ratio of absorption to distribution
c) A measure of bioavailability
d) Half-life of the drug
Answer: a) Ratio of toxic dose to effective dose
Q5. A patient has decreased renal function. Which pharmacokinetic phase is most affected?
a) Absorption
b) Distribution
c) Metabolism
d) Excretion
Answer: d) Excretion
Q6. Which route of administration bypasses the first-pass effect?
a) Oral
,b) Sublingual
c) Rectal
d) Enteral feeding tube
Answer: b) Sublingual
Q7. The maximum effect a drug can produce, regardless of dose, is referred to as:
a) Potency
b) Efficacy
c) Bioavailability
d) Affinity
Answer: b) Efficacy
Q8. The time required for the plasma drug concentration to decrease by 50% is called:
a) Clearance rate
b) Bioavailability
c) Half-life
d) Elimination rate constant
Answer: c) Half-life
Q9. Which factor can increase the half-life of a drug?
a) Increased metabolism in the liver
, b) Increased renal clearance
c) Renal impairment
d) Higher protein binding
Answer: c) Renal impairment
Q10. A highly lipophilic drug is most likely to:
a) Remain in the plasma
b) Cross the blood-brain barrier easily
c) Be poorly absorbed orally
d) Be excreted unchanged in the urine
Answer: b) Cross the blood-brain barrier easily
Q11. Which antibiotic class inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis?
a) Tetracyclines
b) Beta-lactams
c) Aminoglycosides
d) Macrolides
Answer: b) Beta-lactams
Q12. Which antibiotic is contraindicated in children under 8 due to teeth discoloration?
a) Amoxicillin
b) Doxycycline
c) Azithromycin
Pharmacology
Topic 1: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Q1. Which of the following best defines pharmacokinetics?
a) The effect of the drug on the body
b) The movement of the drug through the body
c) The interaction between drugs and receptors
d) The therapeutic effect produced by the drug
Answer: b) The movement of the drug through the body
Q2. The "first-pass effect" refers to:
a) Drug distribution into body tissues
b) Metabolism of the drug in the liver before reaching systemic circulation
c) Excretion of drugs through the kidneys
d) Binding of drugs to plasma proteins
Answer: b) Metabolism of the drug in the liver before reaching systemic circulation
Q3. Which pharmacokinetic process is most influenced by protein binding?
a) Absorption
,b) Distribution
c) Metabolism
d) Excretion
Answer: b) Distribution
Q4. The therapeutic index (TI) of a drug is:
a) Ratio of toxic dose to effective dose
b) Ratio of absorption to distribution
c) A measure of bioavailability
d) Half-life of the drug
Answer: a) Ratio of toxic dose to effective dose
Q5. A patient has decreased renal function. Which pharmacokinetic phase is most affected?
a) Absorption
b) Distribution
c) Metabolism
d) Excretion
Answer: d) Excretion
Q6. Which route of administration bypasses the first-pass effect?
a) Oral
,b) Sublingual
c) Rectal
d) Enteral feeding tube
Answer: b) Sublingual
Q7. The maximum effect a drug can produce, regardless of dose, is referred to as:
a) Potency
b) Efficacy
c) Bioavailability
d) Affinity
Answer: b) Efficacy
Q8. The time required for the plasma drug concentration to decrease by 50% is called:
a) Clearance rate
b) Bioavailability
c) Half-life
d) Elimination rate constant
Answer: c) Half-life
Q9. Which factor can increase the half-life of a drug?
a) Increased metabolism in the liver
, b) Increased renal clearance
c) Renal impairment
d) Higher protein binding
Answer: c) Renal impairment
Q10. A highly lipophilic drug is most likely to:
a) Remain in the plasma
b) Cross the blood-brain barrier easily
c) Be poorly absorbed orally
d) Be excreted unchanged in the urine
Answer: b) Cross the blood-brain barrier easily
Q11. Which antibiotic class inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis?
a) Tetracyclines
b) Beta-lactams
c) Aminoglycosides
d) Macrolides
Answer: b) Beta-lactams
Q12. Which antibiotic is contraindicated in children under 8 due to teeth discoloration?
a) Amoxicillin
b) Doxycycline
c) Azithromycin
