BY JADIE-LEE MOODLY (UNISA STUDENT)
THE WORK BELOW MAY NOT BE A 100% CORRECT SO PLEASE WORK ON THE ANSWERS YOURSELF – THESE ARE
JUST MY STUDY NOTES - ALL NOTES IN RED INDICATE WHERE THE QUESTION IS REPEATED
PYC2602 – (CURRENT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2019-2016 SECTION A)
2019 OCT/NOV
1) Which of the following can be viewed as a function(s) or advantage(s) of theories?
A. A theory summarises and explains presently known facts
B. A theory aims to predict future behaviour
C. A theory stimulates new research
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
1. a & b
2. d
3. e
2) Learning theories made valuable contributions to child psychology because they …
A. Regarded culture as an important factor.
B. Paid adequate attention to developmental change.
C. Created an awareness of the significance of environmental factors.
D. Created an awareness of the importance of biological factors.
E. Emphasised the importance of scientific research.
1. a
2. c & e
3. b, d & e
3) Which of the following statements is the key assumption of the biological perspective?
A. It deals with the ways in which children process information
B. It holds the belief that biological factors are the only determinants of behaviour
C. It emphasizes the psychosexual development
D. It emphasizes the primary role of heredity, the nervous system and the endocrine system in the determination
of behaviour
E. It emphasizes psychosocial development
1. a, b, c & e
2. d
3. All of the above
4) A sensitive period in development is…
A. A stage of development where certain external influences may have a maximum effect on development, but
they may also have an effect before or after the sensitive period
B. A stage of development when a specific type of learning can take place before or after the sensitive period that
specific learning is difficult or even impossible
C. A form of learning that takes place during a short, early period in life of an organism when attachment to
members of the same species and sometimes to members of some other species occurs
D. d) A synonym for critical or optimal periods of development
E. e) A predetermined developmental timetable, without the input or influence from the environment
1. a
2. b, c, d & e
3. All of the above
5) The psychodynamic perspective holds the view that
A. All forms of behaviour tend to be adaptive
B. Unconscious psychological motives such as drives or urges influence development
C. The nervous system and especially the brain has an influence on behaviour
D. Development occurs according to a prearranged schema
, BY JADIE-LEE MOODLY (UNISA STUDENT)
THE WORK BELOW MAY NOT BE A 100% CORRECT SO PLEASE WORK ON THE ANSWERS YOURSELF – THESE ARE
JUST MY STUDY NOTES - ALL NOTES IN RED INDICATE WHERE THE QUESTION IS REPEATED
E. Genetics have an influence on behaviour
1. a & e
2. b
3. c, d & e
6) Personality development during infancy should be regarded as very important because of the vulnerability of
young children. For example, research has indicated that
A. Emotional deprivation can affect personality development.
B. The baby’s world is so limited that the quality of the environment plays a crucial role
C. Personality traits that are in an active phase of development may be adversely affected by negative
environmental interactions
D. The child’s self-concept starts to emerge during infancy, which means that the quality of the interaction with
caregivers could have an effect on the child’s self-concept in later years
E. Certain behaviour patterns that are established during infancy remain relatively unchanged as the child gets
older
1. a, c & e
2. b, d & e
3. All of the above
7) In which stage of Erikson’s psychosocial theory does the primary development challenge involve the
development of a willingness to try new things and to handle failure?
1. Trust vs. mistrust
2. Industry vs. Inferiority
3. Initiative vs. guilt
8) Which of the following statements regarding Nsamenang’s theory are TRUE?
1. The contextual theories of Vygotsky and Bronfenbrenner are incorporated in his framework.
2. Child development is a process of gradual and systematic social integration.
3. Development is conceptualised as the unfolding of physical, cognitive, social and emotional competencies in
order to function optimally in the family and community.
4. Responsible intelligence (ability to perform roles and tasks correctly) is a sign of the child’s cognitive and general
development.
5. By incorporating spiritual and ancestral selfhoods, the human life cycle ultimately consists of nine stages.
1. a & c
2. b, d & e
3. All of the above
9) The learning theories are often criticised because
A. They do not take influence into account
B. The do not pay adequate attention to developmental change
C. They emphasise the influence of environmental factors
D. They do not take the influence of biological factors into account
E. They do not take the importance of scientific research into account
1. All of the above
2. b, c & e
3. a, b & d
10) A cognitive-developmental psychologist studies
1. How children resolve developmental crisis in their lives
2. How reinforcement and punishment enhance children’s learning
3. How children think and how their thinking changes over time
, BY JADIE-LEE MOODLY (UNISA STUDENT)
THE WORK BELOW MAY NOT BE A 100% CORRECT SO PLEASE WORK ON THE ANSWERS YOURSELF – THESE ARE
JUST MY STUDY NOTES - ALL NOTES IN RED INDICATE WHERE THE QUESTION IS REPEATED
11) According to Piaget, infants understanding of the world is acquired through the senses and movement during
the stage of development
A. Concrete operational
B. Preoperational
C. Sensory-motor
D. Oral
E. Trust vs. mistrust
1. a, b, d & e
2. c
3. All of the above
12) According to Piaget, children start to use language and symbols to represent idea and object during the ____
stage of cognitive development
A. Concrete operational
B. Preoperational
C. Sensory-motor
D. Formal operational
E. Initiative versus guilt
1. a, c, d & e
2. b
3. All of the above
13) Six-year-old Susan knows how to bounce balls, and she can bounce balls of many different sizes She has
therefore developed a ball-bouncing
A. Scheme
B. Stage of development
C. Theory
D. Hypothesis
E. All of the above
1. a
2. c
3. All of the above
14) According to Piaget, the cognitive development of the child is based on the following interrelated principles
and processes
1. Short-term memory and long-term memory
2. Schemes and equilibration
3. Organisation and adaptation
15) Piaget’s concept of adaptation refers to
1. The tendency that as children gain new experiences they have to deal with information that is in conflict with
what they already know
2. The tendency that children organise their experiences to make more sense of the world.
3. The tendency of cognitive processes to become more complex.
16) Noam Chomsky’s contribution to the field of language acquisition centres primarily on his view of
1. A language acquisition device
2. Environmental input in language development
3. A sensitive period in language development
17) Milla is two months old. At a recent family event, she was passed around for multiple relatives to hold. Milla
showed no particular preference for her mother, father, or any other relative. In which of Bowlby’s phases of
attachment is Milla?
1. The pre-attachment phase
, BY JADIE-LEE MOODLY (UNISA STUDENT)
THE WORK BELOW MAY NOT BE A 100% CORRECT SO PLEASE WORK ON THE ANSWERS YOURSELF – THESE ARE
JUST MY STUDY NOTES - ALL NOTES IN RED INDICATE WHERE THE QUESTION IS REPEATED
2. The phase of clear-cut attachment
3. Attachment-in-the-making phase
18) According to the information-processing theory, mental hardware refers to
1. Schemes and theories
2. Organised sets of cognitive process that allow children to complete specific tasks
3. Cognitive structures, including memory systems
19) One of the first psychologists to emphasize the cultural context of children’s development was
1. Lev Vygotsky
2. Urie Bronfenbrenner
3. Albert Bandura
20) Sarah and John teach their children correct social behaviour by means of supporting the children’s efforts in a
way that they will be more skilful than they would be if they were to rely on their own abilities Sarah and John
are therefore making use of the following socialisation technique
A. Induction
B. Scaffolding
C. Positive reinforcement
D. Power assertion.
E. Withdrawal of love.
1. b
2. a, d & e
3. b, c & d
21) According to Vygotsky, learning is best achieved when tasks that are too difficult for a child to do alone, may
be accomplished with the help of an adult. This type of learning occurs
1. Within the developmental niche
2. Through assimilation and accommodation
3. In a zone of proximal development
22) Which of the following statements regarding Vygotsky’s views on cognitive development is/are TRUE?
A. Vygotsky focused more on the outcome or level of performance of the child, than on the process of change and
its mechanisms.
B. For Vygotsky, development follows a dialectical process of thesis, antitheses and synthesis.
C. Conflict and resolution play an important part in development.
D. A dialectical process occurs when children interact with adults and peers who are more advanced.
1. a
2. b, c & d
3. All of the above
23) Retrieval strategies include ___ which refers to a type of memory that notice whether a stimulus is identical or
similar to one previously experience, and ____ which refers to remembering a stimulus that is not present.
1. Repetition, representation
2. Recall, recognition
3. Recognition, recall
24) Vygotsky, Bronfenbrenner and also Nsamenang’s theories can be classified as…
1. Behavioural theories
2. Social cognitive theories
3. Contextual theories
25) Which of the following statements regarding Vygotsky theory are TRUE?
A. Language is a potent instrument in structuring thought and regulation behaviour, thus, thinking would not be
possible without language
THE WORK BELOW MAY NOT BE A 100% CORRECT SO PLEASE WORK ON THE ANSWERS YOURSELF – THESE ARE
JUST MY STUDY NOTES - ALL NOTES IN RED INDICATE WHERE THE QUESTION IS REPEATED
PYC2602 – (CURRENT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2019-2016 SECTION A)
2019 OCT/NOV
1) Which of the following can be viewed as a function(s) or advantage(s) of theories?
A. A theory summarises and explains presently known facts
B. A theory aims to predict future behaviour
C. A theory stimulates new research
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
1. a & b
2. d
3. e
2) Learning theories made valuable contributions to child psychology because they …
A. Regarded culture as an important factor.
B. Paid adequate attention to developmental change.
C. Created an awareness of the significance of environmental factors.
D. Created an awareness of the importance of biological factors.
E. Emphasised the importance of scientific research.
1. a
2. c & e
3. b, d & e
3) Which of the following statements is the key assumption of the biological perspective?
A. It deals with the ways in which children process information
B. It holds the belief that biological factors are the only determinants of behaviour
C. It emphasizes the psychosexual development
D. It emphasizes the primary role of heredity, the nervous system and the endocrine system in the determination
of behaviour
E. It emphasizes psychosocial development
1. a, b, c & e
2. d
3. All of the above
4) A sensitive period in development is…
A. A stage of development where certain external influences may have a maximum effect on development, but
they may also have an effect before or after the sensitive period
B. A stage of development when a specific type of learning can take place before or after the sensitive period that
specific learning is difficult or even impossible
C. A form of learning that takes place during a short, early period in life of an organism when attachment to
members of the same species and sometimes to members of some other species occurs
D. d) A synonym for critical or optimal periods of development
E. e) A predetermined developmental timetable, without the input or influence from the environment
1. a
2. b, c, d & e
3. All of the above
5) The psychodynamic perspective holds the view that
A. All forms of behaviour tend to be adaptive
B. Unconscious psychological motives such as drives or urges influence development
C. The nervous system and especially the brain has an influence on behaviour
D. Development occurs according to a prearranged schema
, BY JADIE-LEE MOODLY (UNISA STUDENT)
THE WORK BELOW MAY NOT BE A 100% CORRECT SO PLEASE WORK ON THE ANSWERS YOURSELF – THESE ARE
JUST MY STUDY NOTES - ALL NOTES IN RED INDICATE WHERE THE QUESTION IS REPEATED
E. Genetics have an influence on behaviour
1. a & e
2. b
3. c, d & e
6) Personality development during infancy should be regarded as very important because of the vulnerability of
young children. For example, research has indicated that
A. Emotional deprivation can affect personality development.
B. The baby’s world is so limited that the quality of the environment plays a crucial role
C. Personality traits that are in an active phase of development may be adversely affected by negative
environmental interactions
D. The child’s self-concept starts to emerge during infancy, which means that the quality of the interaction with
caregivers could have an effect on the child’s self-concept in later years
E. Certain behaviour patterns that are established during infancy remain relatively unchanged as the child gets
older
1. a, c & e
2. b, d & e
3. All of the above
7) In which stage of Erikson’s psychosocial theory does the primary development challenge involve the
development of a willingness to try new things and to handle failure?
1. Trust vs. mistrust
2. Industry vs. Inferiority
3. Initiative vs. guilt
8) Which of the following statements regarding Nsamenang’s theory are TRUE?
1. The contextual theories of Vygotsky and Bronfenbrenner are incorporated in his framework.
2. Child development is a process of gradual and systematic social integration.
3. Development is conceptualised as the unfolding of physical, cognitive, social and emotional competencies in
order to function optimally in the family and community.
4. Responsible intelligence (ability to perform roles and tasks correctly) is a sign of the child’s cognitive and general
development.
5. By incorporating spiritual and ancestral selfhoods, the human life cycle ultimately consists of nine stages.
1. a & c
2. b, d & e
3. All of the above
9) The learning theories are often criticised because
A. They do not take influence into account
B. The do not pay adequate attention to developmental change
C. They emphasise the influence of environmental factors
D. They do not take the influence of biological factors into account
E. They do not take the importance of scientific research into account
1. All of the above
2. b, c & e
3. a, b & d
10) A cognitive-developmental psychologist studies
1. How children resolve developmental crisis in their lives
2. How reinforcement and punishment enhance children’s learning
3. How children think and how their thinking changes over time
, BY JADIE-LEE MOODLY (UNISA STUDENT)
THE WORK BELOW MAY NOT BE A 100% CORRECT SO PLEASE WORK ON THE ANSWERS YOURSELF – THESE ARE
JUST MY STUDY NOTES - ALL NOTES IN RED INDICATE WHERE THE QUESTION IS REPEATED
11) According to Piaget, infants understanding of the world is acquired through the senses and movement during
the stage of development
A. Concrete operational
B. Preoperational
C. Sensory-motor
D. Oral
E. Trust vs. mistrust
1. a, b, d & e
2. c
3. All of the above
12) According to Piaget, children start to use language and symbols to represent idea and object during the ____
stage of cognitive development
A. Concrete operational
B. Preoperational
C. Sensory-motor
D. Formal operational
E. Initiative versus guilt
1. a, c, d & e
2. b
3. All of the above
13) Six-year-old Susan knows how to bounce balls, and she can bounce balls of many different sizes She has
therefore developed a ball-bouncing
A. Scheme
B. Stage of development
C. Theory
D. Hypothesis
E. All of the above
1. a
2. c
3. All of the above
14) According to Piaget, the cognitive development of the child is based on the following interrelated principles
and processes
1. Short-term memory and long-term memory
2. Schemes and equilibration
3. Organisation and adaptation
15) Piaget’s concept of adaptation refers to
1. The tendency that as children gain new experiences they have to deal with information that is in conflict with
what they already know
2. The tendency that children organise their experiences to make more sense of the world.
3. The tendency of cognitive processes to become more complex.
16) Noam Chomsky’s contribution to the field of language acquisition centres primarily on his view of
1. A language acquisition device
2. Environmental input in language development
3. A sensitive period in language development
17) Milla is two months old. At a recent family event, she was passed around for multiple relatives to hold. Milla
showed no particular preference for her mother, father, or any other relative. In which of Bowlby’s phases of
attachment is Milla?
1. The pre-attachment phase
, BY JADIE-LEE MOODLY (UNISA STUDENT)
THE WORK BELOW MAY NOT BE A 100% CORRECT SO PLEASE WORK ON THE ANSWERS YOURSELF – THESE ARE
JUST MY STUDY NOTES - ALL NOTES IN RED INDICATE WHERE THE QUESTION IS REPEATED
2. The phase of clear-cut attachment
3. Attachment-in-the-making phase
18) According to the information-processing theory, mental hardware refers to
1. Schemes and theories
2. Organised sets of cognitive process that allow children to complete specific tasks
3. Cognitive structures, including memory systems
19) One of the first psychologists to emphasize the cultural context of children’s development was
1. Lev Vygotsky
2. Urie Bronfenbrenner
3. Albert Bandura
20) Sarah and John teach their children correct social behaviour by means of supporting the children’s efforts in a
way that they will be more skilful than they would be if they were to rely on their own abilities Sarah and John
are therefore making use of the following socialisation technique
A. Induction
B. Scaffolding
C. Positive reinforcement
D. Power assertion.
E. Withdrawal of love.
1. b
2. a, d & e
3. b, c & d
21) According to Vygotsky, learning is best achieved when tasks that are too difficult for a child to do alone, may
be accomplished with the help of an adult. This type of learning occurs
1. Within the developmental niche
2. Through assimilation and accommodation
3. In a zone of proximal development
22) Which of the following statements regarding Vygotsky’s views on cognitive development is/are TRUE?
A. Vygotsky focused more on the outcome or level of performance of the child, than on the process of change and
its mechanisms.
B. For Vygotsky, development follows a dialectical process of thesis, antitheses and synthesis.
C. Conflict and resolution play an important part in development.
D. A dialectical process occurs when children interact with adults and peers who are more advanced.
1. a
2. b, c & d
3. All of the above
23) Retrieval strategies include ___ which refers to a type of memory that notice whether a stimulus is identical or
similar to one previously experience, and ____ which refers to remembering a stimulus that is not present.
1. Repetition, representation
2. Recall, recognition
3. Recognition, recall
24) Vygotsky, Bronfenbrenner and also Nsamenang’s theories can be classified as…
1. Behavioural theories
2. Social cognitive theories
3. Contextual theories
25) Which of the following statements regarding Vygotsky theory are TRUE?
A. Language is a potent instrument in structuring thought and regulation behaviour, thus, thinking would not be
possible without language
