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1. What is the definition of a fact in information systems?
A. A prediction based on historical data
B. A confirmation or validation of an event or object
C. A subjective interpretation of events
D. A collection of customer preferences
2. The "Information Age" refers to which of the following?
A. A period when handwritten records were dominant
B. A time when infinite quantities of facts are widely available to anyone with
computer access
C. An era when only businesses controlled information
D. The industrial era of mass production
3. The Internet of Things (IoT) is best described as:
A. A wireless network designed only for large corporations
B. A world where interconnected Internet-enabled devices collect and share data
without human intervention
C. A system for email communication between devices
D. A marketing term for mobile applications
,4. Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication refers to:
A. Humans communicating directly through the internet
B. Devices connecting directly to other devices
C. Companies sharing data using intranets
D. A cloud-only storage technology
5. Data aggregation is defined as:
A. The separation of data into categories
B. The collection of data from multiple sources for processing
C. The deletion of duplicate data entries
D. The encryption of raw data for security
6. Which of the following describes structured data?
A. Information stored in social media posts
B. Data with defined length, type, and format such as dates, numbers, or
addresses
C. Unorganized text documents without metadata
D. Images and videos stored in cloud storage
7. An ambient digital experience is defined as:
A. A blend of physical, virtual, and electronic environments that changes in real
time as the user moves
B. A VR headset simulation for digital training
C. A standard for digital image processing
D. A marketing term for social media campaigns
,8. The Internet of Everything (IoE) extends IoT by including:
A. Only machine-to-machine communications
B. People and processes in addition to devices
C. Exclusive industrial applications
D. Military-only applications
9. An autonomous agent in computing refers to:
A. A computer virus that spreads across devices
B. Software that performs operations independently on behalf of a user, using
knowledge of the user’s goals
C. A person trained in autonomous computing
D. A virtual machine operating system
10. Autonomic computing is patterned after which human system?
A. Skeletal system
B. Autonomic nervous system
C. Respiratory system
D. Digestive system
11. In operations management, the transformation process refers to:
A. Conversion of inputs into outputs
B. The exchange of goods across markets
C. Recycling of defective products
D. A firm’s financial auditing
12. Value-added in business is defined as:
A. The price of raw materials
B. The difference between input costs and the value of outputs
, C. The total labor hours required to produce goods
D. The return on investment
13. Strategic Business Units (SBUs) are:
A. Groups of employees with the same role
B. Stand-alone businesses within a larger organization
C. Outsourced contractors
D. Government-regulated trade unions
14. A Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) system ensures:
A. Sales forecasts are ignored in production
B. The right parts and materials are available at the correct time and place
C. Employee scheduling is fully automated
D. Customer data is stored in secure warehouses
15. Tactical planning primarily focuses on:
A. Setting the company’s long-term vision
B. Producing goods and services efficiently within the strategic plan
C. Day-to-day scheduling of employees
D. International expansion
16. Operational Planning and Control (OP&C) deals with:
A. Developing the organization’s mission
B. Daily work procedures such as scheduling, inventory, and process management
C. Long-term strategic planning
D. Industry benchmarking