BIO 215 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Identify |characteristics |of |living |things |that |distinguish |them |from |non-living |things. |- |CORRECT
|ANSWER✔✔-There |are |9 |characteristics |of |living |things |that |distinguish |them |from |non-living |
things.
1. |Organization |
2.Evolution |of |populations |
3. |DNA |
4. |Reproduction |
5. |Response |to |environment |
6. |Metabolism |
7. |Homeostasis |
8. |Contain |one |or |more |cells.
Give |a |brief |overview |of |the |historical |events |that |contributed |to |modern |cell |biology. |Recall |
the |associated |names |and |dates |involved |in |the |events |discussed |in |class. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-Cells |were |first |observed |in |1665 |by |Robert |Hooke. |He |is |credited |with |coining |
the |term |"cell" |in |Micrographia. |After |1665 |there |were |not |many |discoveries |in |cell |biology |
because |they |were |limited |by |optical |instruments |(limited |resolving |power |of |microscopes |& |a
|lack |of |detail) |and |their |way |of |thinking |(more |observation, |less |asking |'why'). |
1830's |there |was |advancement |in |optics |& |in |1831, |Robert |Brown |described |the |nucleus. |
1838 |: |Schleiden |& |Schwann |put |forth |the |'Cell |Theory'.
Cell |Theory |- |Schwann |(1839) |
1) |The |cell |is |the |unit |of |structure, |physiology, |and |organization |in |living |things. |
,2) |The |cell |retains |a |dual |existence |as |a |distinct |entity |and |a |building |block |in |the |construction |
of |organisms. |3) |Cells |form |by |free-cell |formation, |similar |to |the |formation |of |crystals
#3 |was |wrong |and |revised |by |Virchow |in |1855. |Replaced |#3 |with |"All |cells |arise |from |only |
preexisting |cells".
Summarize |the |currently |accepted |cell |theory. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1) |The |cell |is |a |unit |of |
structure, |physiology, |and |organization |in |living |things
2)The |cell |retains |a |dual |existence |as |a |distinct |entity |and |a |building |block |in |the |construction |
of |organisms.
3)All |cells |arise |from |only |preexisting |cells
Describe |the |3 |domains |of |life. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Bacteria |= |Prokaryotes |
Archaea |= |Prokaryotes, |many |extremophiles |
Eukarya |= |Eukaryotes |(Protists, |plants, |fungi, |animals)
Who |is |credited |with |redrawing |the |tree |of |life |into |3 |domains? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Carle
|Woese |& |George |Fox.
Describe |the |evidence |used |to |reclassify |organisms |into |the |3 |domains. |Why |were |rRNA |gene |
sequences |used |for |to |analyze |phylogenetic |relationships? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Carle |and |
Woese |and |George |Fox |redrew |phylogenetic |relationships |based |on |analysis |of |rRNA |gene |
sequences. |
They |used |rRNA |because |
1) |all |cells |require |rRNA |
2) |they |change |very |slowly |over |time |(not |much |room |for |variation |bc |their |sequence |is |so |
closely |related |to |its |function). |Bc |of |this, |any |slight |changes |in |sequence |reflect |an |
evolutionary |"step." |rNA |can |be |used |to |establish |evolutionary |relationships |between |all |
species. |
3) |conserved |regions |enable |easy |in |virto |replication
, What |information |did |we |learn |from |the |analysis |of |the |rRNA |gene |sequences |pioneered |by |
Woese |and |Fox? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-There |were |two |separate |prokaryote |groups |
(Bacteria |and |Achaean |domains) |that |were |actually |very |different |from |each |other, |although |
before |that |they |had |always |been |grouped |together |bc |they |are |prokaryotes.
Suggested |that |eukaryotes |and |archaea |are |actually |more |closely |related |to |each |other |than |
to |bacteria
Allowed |a |better |understanding |of |how |protists |should |be |organized
Revealed |how |incorrect |it |was |to |classify |them |all |together |in |one |kingdom
Some |protists |are |not |even |closely |related |at |all
What |is |a |protist? |Why |is |it |no |longer |correct |to |classify |all |protists |together |into |one |
phylogenetic |group? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |diverse |grouping |of |eukaryotic |organisms. |
Many |diverse |lineages |of |various |eukaryotic |organisms. |Can |be |unicellular |or |multicellular. |
They |are |so |diverse |that |they |are |not |closely |related |enough |to |group |them |into |one |group.
Are |viruses |considered |living |organisms? |Why |or |why |not? |Explain. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
No, |they |do |not |exhibit |multiple |characteristics |of |living |things. |These |characteristics |are |: |
growth/development, |response |to |environment, |metabolism, |homeostasis, |and |they |do |not |
contain |one |or |more |cells.
Describe |the |fundamental |differences |between |eukaryotic |and |prokaryotic |cells. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-Prokaryotes |lack |the |internal |complexity |seen |in |Eukaryotes |and |are |on |average |
much |smaller |than |eukaryotes. |They |also |lack |a |nucleus |but |instead |have |a |"nucleoid |region."
Eukaryotic |cells |have |a |nucleus |and |various |membrane |bound |organelles. |They |are |also |much |
larger |than |prokaryotes |on |average.
Describe |the |structural |features |shared |by |all |cells. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Surrounded |by |
lipid-based |plasma |membrane
Metabolic |machinery
DNA |as |hereditary |information
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Identify |characteristics |of |living |things |that |distinguish |them |from |non-living |things. |- |CORRECT
|ANSWER✔✔-There |are |9 |characteristics |of |living |things |that |distinguish |them |from |non-living |
things.
1. |Organization |
2.Evolution |of |populations |
3. |DNA |
4. |Reproduction |
5. |Response |to |environment |
6. |Metabolism |
7. |Homeostasis |
8. |Contain |one |or |more |cells.
Give |a |brief |overview |of |the |historical |events |that |contributed |to |modern |cell |biology. |Recall |
the |associated |names |and |dates |involved |in |the |events |discussed |in |class. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-Cells |were |first |observed |in |1665 |by |Robert |Hooke. |He |is |credited |with |coining |
the |term |"cell" |in |Micrographia. |After |1665 |there |were |not |many |discoveries |in |cell |biology |
because |they |were |limited |by |optical |instruments |(limited |resolving |power |of |microscopes |& |a
|lack |of |detail) |and |their |way |of |thinking |(more |observation, |less |asking |'why'). |
1830's |there |was |advancement |in |optics |& |in |1831, |Robert |Brown |described |the |nucleus. |
1838 |: |Schleiden |& |Schwann |put |forth |the |'Cell |Theory'.
Cell |Theory |- |Schwann |(1839) |
1) |The |cell |is |the |unit |of |structure, |physiology, |and |organization |in |living |things. |
,2) |The |cell |retains |a |dual |existence |as |a |distinct |entity |and |a |building |block |in |the |construction |
of |organisms. |3) |Cells |form |by |free-cell |formation, |similar |to |the |formation |of |crystals
#3 |was |wrong |and |revised |by |Virchow |in |1855. |Replaced |#3 |with |"All |cells |arise |from |only |
preexisting |cells".
Summarize |the |currently |accepted |cell |theory. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-1) |The |cell |is |a |unit |of |
structure, |physiology, |and |organization |in |living |things
2)The |cell |retains |a |dual |existence |as |a |distinct |entity |and |a |building |block |in |the |construction |
of |organisms.
3)All |cells |arise |from |only |preexisting |cells
Describe |the |3 |domains |of |life. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Bacteria |= |Prokaryotes |
Archaea |= |Prokaryotes, |many |extremophiles |
Eukarya |= |Eukaryotes |(Protists, |plants, |fungi, |animals)
Who |is |credited |with |redrawing |the |tree |of |life |into |3 |domains? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Carle
|Woese |& |George |Fox.
Describe |the |evidence |used |to |reclassify |organisms |into |the |3 |domains. |Why |were |rRNA |gene |
sequences |used |for |to |analyze |phylogenetic |relationships? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Carle |and |
Woese |and |George |Fox |redrew |phylogenetic |relationships |based |on |analysis |of |rRNA |gene |
sequences. |
They |used |rRNA |because |
1) |all |cells |require |rRNA |
2) |they |change |very |slowly |over |time |(not |much |room |for |variation |bc |their |sequence |is |so |
closely |related |to |its |function). |Bc |of |this, |any |slight |changes |in |sequence |reflect |an |
evolutionary |"step." |rNA |can |be |used |to |establish |evolutionary |relationships |between |all |
species. |
3) |conserved |regions |enable |easy |in |virto |replication
, What |information |did |we |learn |from |the |analysis |of |the |rRNA |gene |sequences |pioneered |by |
Woese |and |Fox? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-There |were |two |separate |prokaryote |groups |
(Bacteria |and |Achaean |domains) |that |were |actually |very |different |from |each |other, |although |
before |that |they |had |always |been |grouped |together |bc |they |are |prokaryotes.
Suggested |that |eukaryotes |and |archaea |are |actually |more |closely |related |to |each |other |than |
to |bacteria
Allowed |a |better |understanding |of |how |protists |should |be |organized
Revealed |how |incorrect |it |was |to |classify |them |all |together |in |one |kingdom
Some |protists |are |not |even |closely |related |at |all
What |is |a |protist? |Why |is |it |no |longer |correct |to |classify |all |protists |together |into |one |
phylogenetic |group? |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-A |diverse |grouping |of |eukaryotic |organisms. |
Many |diverse |lineages |of |various |eukaryotic |organisms. |Can |be |unicellular |or |multicellular. |
They |are |so |diverse |that |they |are |not |closely |related |enough |to |group |them |into |one |group.
Are |viruses |considered |living |organisms? |Why |or |why |not? |Explain. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-
No, |they |do |not |exhibit |multiple |characteristics |of |living |things. |These |characteristics |are |: |
growth/development, |response |to |environment, |metabolism, |homeostasis, |and |they |do |not |
contain |one |or |more |cells.
Describe |the |fundamental |differences |between |eukaryotic |and |prokaryotic |cells. |- |CORRECT |
ANSWER✔✔-Prokaryotes |lack |the |internal |complexity |seen |in |Eukaryotes |and |are |on |average |
much |smaller |than |eukaryotes. |They |also |lack |a |nucleus |but |instead |have |a |"nucleoid |region."
Eukaryotic |cells |have |a |nucleus |and |various |membrane |bound |organelles. |They |are |also |much |
larger |than |prokaryotes |on |average.
Describe |the |structural |features |shared |by |all |cells. |- |CORRECT |ANSWER✔✔-Surrounded |by |
lipid-based |plasma |membrane
Metabolic |machinery
DNA |as |hereditary |information
