Understanding Nutrition, 16th Edition
TEST BANK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
VERIFIED UPDATES 2025/2026
CHAPTERS 1-20
Which phase of clinical trials maximizes the number of test participants? - CORRECT
ANSWER --Phase III clinical trials.
What do Phase I clinical trials NOT involve? - CORRECT ANSWER --Testing on the
target human population.
What is the term for measurements in an experiment where the subject's group status is
unknown? - CORRECT ANSWER --Blind measurement.
What makes a hypothesis scientific? - CORRECT ANSWER --It can be tested.
What must a theory be based on to be considered scientific? - CORRECT ANSWER --
Reproducible data.
What is the normal range of blood glucose concentration after fasting? - CORRECT
ANSWER --Approximately 70 to 99 mg/100 ml.
What is the normal range of arterial blood pH? - CORRECT ANSWER --7.35-7.45.
In a feedback loop, what does the integrating center send information to? - CORRECT
ANSWER --The effector.
What are the regulators of effectors in most feedback loops? - CORRECT ANSWER -
-Hormones and nerve impulses.
,What are homeostatic regulatory mechanisms that are 'built-in' to the organs? -
CORRECT ANSWER --Intrinsic mechanisms.
What type of homeostatic regulatory mechanisms are the endocrine and nervous
systems considered? - CORRECT ANSWER --Extrinsic mechanisms.
When blood glucose levels rise, what role do pancreatic islets serve in the feedback
loop? - CORRECT ANSWER --They act as the integrating center.
What detects a decrease in mean arterial pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER --A sensor.
What type of feedback occurs when platelets accumulate at a damaged vessel site? -
CORRECT ANSWER --Positive feedback.
What is the role of platelets in the positive feedback mechanism during vessel damage?
- CORRECT ANSWER --They act as effectors.
What is pathophysiology? - CORRECT ANSWER --The study of how disease
processes affect the function of the body.
What does the study of disease processes aid in understanding? - CORRECT
ANSWER --Normal functions.
What do Phase IV clinical drug trials involve? - CORRECT ANSWER --Testing a drug
only on the specific human population who have the condition that the drug is intended
to treat.
What is the result of negative feedback? - CORRECT ANSWER --A response that
opposes the original deviation from normal.
Is blood clotting an example of positive feedback? - CORRECT ANSWER --Yes,
because the action of the effector enhances the stimulus.
What is the purpose of daily thyroid hormone replacement medication? - CORRECT
ANSWER --To maintain normal thyroid hormone levels.
What does stratified epithelial tissue provide? - CORRECT ANSWER --Protection, but it
does not transport substances between the internal and external environments.
What is the function of sebaceous glands? - CORRECT ANSWER --To lubricate the
skin.
Can enamel be regenerated? - CORRECT ANSWER --No, enamel cannot be
regenerated.
How can motor nerve fibers in the skin regulate blood flow? - CORRECT ANSWER --By
affecting the diameter of cutaneous blood vessels.
, Are blood plasma and interstitial fluid separated from each other? - CORRECT
ANSWER --Yes, but there is communication and exchange between these fluids.
What does physiology emphasize? - CORRECT ANSWER --Cause-and-effect
mechanisms.
What is the study of how disease or injury alters physiological processes called? -
CORRECT ANSWER --Pathophysiology.
What is the first step in the scientific method? - CORRECT ANSWER --The formation of
a hypothesis.
What is comparative physiology? - CORRECT ANSWER --The study of the
physiological differences and similarities among different species.
What is anatomy? - CORRECT ANSWER --The study of the structure of organisms and
their parts.
What is the scientific method? - CORRECT ANSWER --A systematic approach to
research and experimentation.
What is the purpose of clinical trials? - CORRECT ANSWER --To test the safety and
efficacy of new drugs or treatments.
What is the significance of reproducible data in scientific research? - CORRECT
ANSWER --It ensures that findings can be verified and are reliable.
What is the role of a hypothesis in scientific research? - CORRECT ANSWER --It
provides a testable prediction that can be investigated.
What term describes the concept of maintaining stable internal conditions despite
external changes? - CORRECT ANSWER --Homeostasis.
Which of the following is NOT an example of dynamic constancy? A) Sweating or
shivering B) Administering IV fluids C) Pancreas releasing insulin D) Adjusting breathing
rate - CORRECT ANSWER --B) Administering IV fluids to a person with dehydration.
What does the fluctuation of estrogen levels throughout the menstrual cycle indicate? -
CORRECT ANSWER --Estrogen is involved in both positive and negative feedback with
the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus.
What is the control of hormone secretion by its own effects called? - CORRECT
ANSWER --Negative feedback.
TEST BANK QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
VERIFIED UPDATES 2025/2026
CHAPTERS 1-20
Which phase of clinical trials maximizes the number of test participants? - CORRECT
ANSWER --Phase III clinical trials.
What do Phase I clinical trials NOT involve? - CORRECT ANSWER --Testing on the
target human population.
What is the term for measurements in an experiment where the subject's group status is
unknown? - CORRECT ANSWER --Blind measurement.
What makes a hypothesis scientific? - CORRECT ANSWER --It can be tested.
What must a theory be based on to be considered scientific? - CORRECT ANSWER --
Reproducible data.
What is the normal range of blood glucose concentration after fasting? - CORRECT
ANSWER --Approximately 70 to 99 mg/100 ml.
What is the normal range of arterial blood pH? - CORRECT ANSWER --7.35-7.45.
In a feedback loop, what does the integrating center send information to? - CORRECT
ANSWER --The effector.
What are the regulators of effectors in most feedback loops? - CORRECT ANSWER -
-Hormones and nerve impulses.
,What are homeostatic regulatory mechanisms that are 'built-in' to the organs? -
CORRECT ANSWER --Intrinsic mechanisms.
What type of homeostatic regulatory mechanisms are the endocrine and nervous
systems considered? - CORRECT ANSWER --Extrinsic mechanisms.
When blood glucose levels rise, what role do pancreatic islets serve in the feedback
loop? - CORRECT ANSWER --They act as the integrating center.
What detects a decrease in mean arterial pressure? - CORRECT ANSWER --A sensor.
What type of feedback occurs when platelets accumulate at a damaged vessel site? -
CORRECT ANSWER --Positive feedback.
What is the role of platelets in the positive feedback mechanism during vessel damage?
- CORRECT ANSWER --They act as effectors.
What is pathophysiology? - CORRECT ANSWER --The study of how disease
processes affect the function of the body.
What does the study of disease processes aid in understanding? - CORRECT
ANSWER --Normal functions.
What do Phase IV clinical drug trials involve? - CORRECT ANSWER --Testing a drug
only on the specific human population who have the condition that the drug is intended
to treat.
What is the result of negative feedback? - CORRECT ANSWER --A response that
opposes the original deviation from normal.
Is blood clotting an example of positive feedback? - CORRECT ANSWER --Yes,
because the action of the effector enhances the stimulus.
What is the purpose of daily thyroid hormone replacement medication? - CORRECT
ANSWER --To maintain normal thyroid hormone levels.
What does stratified epithelial tissue provide? - CORRECT ANSWER --Protection, but it
does not transport substances between the internal and external environments.
What is the function of sebaceous glands? - CORRECT ANSWER --To lubricate the
skin.
Can enamel be regenerated? - CORRECT ANSWER --No, enamel cannot be
regenerated.
How can motor nerve fibers in the skin regulate blood flow? - CORRECT ANSWER --By
affecting the diameter of cutaneous blood vessels.
, Are blood plasma and interstitial fluid separated from each other? - CORRECT
ANSWER --Yes, but there is communication and exchange between these fluids.
What does physiology emphasize? - CORRECT ANSWER --Cause-and-effect
mechanisms.
What is the study of how disease or injury alters physiological processes called? -
CORRECT ANSWER --Pathophysiology.
What is the first step in the scientific method? - CORRECT ANSWER --The formation of
a hypothesis.
What is comparative physiology? - CORRECT ANSWER --The study of the
physiological differences and similarities among different species.
What is anatomy? - CORRECT ANSWER --The study of the structure of organisms and
their parts.
What is the scientific method? - CORRECT ANSWER --A systematic approach to
research and experimentation.
What is the purpose of clinical trials? - CORRECT ANSWER --To test the safety and
efficacy of new drugs or treatments.
What is the significance of reproducible data in scientific research? - CORRECT
ANSWER --It ensures that findings can be verified and are reliable.
What is the role of a hypothesis in scientific research? - CORRECT ANSWER --It
provides a testable prediction that can be investigated.
What term describes the concept of maintaining stable internal conditions despite
external changes? - CORRECT ANSWER --Homeostasis.
Which of the following is NOT an example of dynamic constancy? A) Sweating or
shivering B) Administering IV fluids C) Pancreas releasing insulin D) Adjusting breathing
rate - CORRECT ANSWER --B) Administering IV fluids to a person with dehydration.
What does the fluctuation of estrogen levels throughout the menstrual cycle indicate? -
CORRECT ANSWER --Estrogen is involved in both positive and negative feedback with
the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus.
What is the control of hormone secretion by its own effects called? - CORRECT
ANSWER --Negative feedback.
