NUR 445: Exam Study Guide
|2025/2026 | Complete Questions With
Complete Solutions 100% Accurate
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1. AKI is most often caused by sudden events that impair
kidney perfusion, such as - ANSWER ✓ hypovolemia
from blood loss, dehydration, vomiting and diarrhea,
Sepsis and persistent hypotension
2. A low-potassium diet is essential for clients with CKD,
as the kidneys cannot effectively excrete - ANSWER ✓
potassium, leading to hyperkalemia, which can cause
life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias. High phosphorus
and increased dairy intake should be avoided due to the
risk of worsening mineral imbalances in CKD.
3. "I will palpate for a thrill prior to utilizing the AV
fistula." Palpating for a thrill is essential for assessing
, the fistula's patency and ensuring - ANSWER ✓ proper
blood flow. A thrill is a vibration or pulsation felt when
palpating over the fistula, which indicates that blood is
flowing effectively
4. CRRT is a continuous, slow process used in critically ill
clients to avoid rapid fluid shifts and hemodynamic
instability. It is not exclusive to - ANSWER ✓ long-
term dialysis, does not immediately raise blood
pressure, and is often required for several days rather
than a one-time treatment.
5. Clients with a renal transplant should not restrict fluid
intake unless - ANSWER ✓ specifically advised by
their provider. Adequate hydration is essential for
kidney function.
6. Intubated and on Propofol drip with HR116 and RR24
BP152/88 RASS+1. Titrate up or down? - ANSWER ✓
Titrate up
,7. Ischemic stroke intubated for airway protection with
Respiratory Rate: 16 breaths/min • Temperature: 99.1°F
(37.3°C) • Heart Rate: 84 beats/min • Blood Pressure:
132/78 mmHg • Oxygen Saturation: 98% • RASS
Score: -3 (Moderate sedation). Titrate up or down? -
ANSWER ✓ Titrate down.
8. Severe TBI that is intubated • Respiratory Rate: 16
breaths/min • Temperature: 98.7°F (37.1°C) • Heart
Rate: 88 beats/min • Blood Pressure: 130/76 mmHg •
Oxygen Saturation: 97% • RASS Score: -2 (Light
sedation). Titrate up or down? - ANSWER ✓
Maintaining the current rate is ideal
9. Increased ICP can compress brain structures, affecting
neurological function. One of the first signs of this
pressure buildup is a change in - ANSWER ✓ the
client's mental status, such as confusion, agitation, or
drowsiness.
10. Hypotonic saline should be questioned in a client
with increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Hypotonic
, solutions, such as 0.45% sodium chloride, can cause
water to - ANSWER ✓ shift into brain cells, worsening
cerebral edema and increasing ICP.
11. A new onset of a dilated, non-reactive pupil may
indicate - ANSWER ✓ increased intracranial pressure
(ICP) or herniation, which is a medical emergency
requiring immediate intervention.
12. Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) can lead to
progressive weakness and paralysis, and one of the
most concerning complications is - ANSWER ✓
respiratory failure. Shortness of breath when lying flat
may indicate difficulty breathing due to paralysis of the
respiratory muscles, which could lead to respiratory
compromise.
13. Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by severe,
sudden, unilateral facial pain along the distribution of
the trigeminal nerve, often triggered by - ANSWER ✓
touch, chewing, or speaking. The nurse should question
the prescription for oxycodone/acetaminophen
|2025/2026 | Complete Questions With
Complete Solutions 100% Accurate
Already Graded A+ -- Just Released.
1. AKI is most often caused by sudden events that impair
kidney perfusion, such as - ANSWER ✓ hypovolemia
from blood loss, dehydration, vomiting and diarrhea,
Sepsis and persistent hypotension
2. A low-potassium diet is essential for clients with CKD,
as the kidneys cannot effectively excrete - ANSWER ✓
potassium, leading to hyperkalemia, which can cause
life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias. High phosphorus
and increased dairy intake should be avoided due to the
risk of worsening mineral imbalances in CKD.
3. "I will palpate for a thrill prior to utilizing the AV
fistula." Palpating for a thrill is essential for assessing
, the fistula's patency and ensuring - ANSWER ✓ proper
blood flow. A thrill is a vibration or pulsation felt when
palpating over the fistula, which indicates that blood is
flowing effectively
4. CRRT is a continuous, slow process used in critically ill
clients to avoid rapid fluid shifts and hemodynamic
instability. It is not exclusive to - ANSWER ✓ long-
term dialysis, does not immediately raise blood
pressure, and is often required for several days rather
than a one-time treatment.
5. Clients with a renal transplant should not restrict fluid
intake unless - ANSWER ✓ specifically advised by
their provider. Adequate hydration is essential for
kidney function.
6. Intubated and on Propofol drip with HR116 and RR24
BP152/88 RASS+1. Titrate up or down? - ANSWER ✓
Titrate up
,7. Ischemic stroke intubated for airway protection with
Respiratory Rate: 16 breaths/min • Temperature: 99.1°F
(37.3°C) • Heart Rate: 84 beats/min • Blood Pressure:
132/78 mmHg • Oxygen Saturation: 98% • RASS
Score: -3 (Moderate sedation). Titrate up or down? -
ANSWER ✓ Titrate down.
8. Severe TBI that is intubated • Respiratory Rate: 16
breaths/min • Temperature: 98.7°F (37.1°C) • Heart
Rate: 88 beats/min • Blood Pressure: 130/76 mmHg •
Oxygen Saturation: 97% • RASS Score: -2 (Light
sedation). Titrate up or down? - ANSWER ✓
Maintaining the current rate is ideal
9. Increased ICP can compress brain structures, affecting
neurological function. One of the first signs of this
pressure buildup is a change in - ANSWER ✓ the
client's mental status, such as confusion, agitation, or
drowsiness.
10. Hypotonic saline should be questioned in a client
with increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Hypotonic
, solutions, such as 0.45% sodium chloride, can cause
water to - ANSWER ✓ shift into brain cells, worsening
cerebral edema and increasing ICP.
11. A new onset of a dilated, non-reactive pupil may
indicate - ANSWER ✓ increased intracranial pressure
(ICP) or herniation, which is a medical emergency
requiring immediate intervention.
12. Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) can lead to
progressive weakness and paralysis, and one of the
most concerning complications is - ANSWER ✓
respiratory failure. Shortness of breath when lying flat
may indicate difficulty breathing due to paralysis of the
respiratory muscles, which could lead to respiratory
compromise.
13. Trigeminal neuralgia is characterized by severe,
sudden, unilateral facial pain along the distribution of
the trigeminal nerve, often triggered by - ANSWER ✓
touch, chewing, or speaking. The nurse should question
the prescription for oxycodone/acetaminophen
