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Anatomy and Physiology II with Lab
(BIOS252) – Chamberlain University –
Exam 3 Review (2023/2024)
BIOS252 Exam 3 Questions
Cardiovascular System
1. What is the primary function of the SA node in the heart?
a. Regulate blood pressure
b. Initiate the heartbeat
c. Control valve closure
d. Pump blood to the lungs
Answer: b. Initiate the heartbeat.
Rationale: The sinoatrial (SA) node, located in the right atrium, acts as the heart’s
pacemaker by generating electrical impulses to initiate each heartbeat. It does not
regulate blood pressure, control valves, or pump blood.
2. Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?
a. Aorta
b. Pulmonary artery
c. Pulmonary vein
d. Superior vena cava
Answer: b. Pulmonary artery.
Rationale: The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to
the lungs for oxygenation. The aorta carries oxygenated blood, pulmonary veins return
oxygenated blood, and the vena cava delivers deoxygenated blood to the heart.
3. What structure prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle during diastole?
a. Mitral valve
b. Tricuspid valve
c. Aortic valve
d. Pulmonary valve
Answer: c. Aortic valve.
Rationale: The aortic valve (a semilunar valve) prevents backflow from the aorta into the
left ventricle during diastole. The mitral valve prevents backflow into the left atrium, and
other valves serve different functions.
4. Which layer of the heart wall is responsible for contraction?
a. Endocardium
b. Myocardium
c. Epicardium
d. Pericardium
Answer: b. Myocardium.
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Rationale: The myocardium, the middle muscular layer of the heart, is responsible for
contraction to pump blood. The endocardium lines the chambers, the epicardium is the
outer layer, and the pericardium is the external sac.
5. What is the normal range for an adult resting heart rate?
a. 40–60 beats per minute (bpm)
b. 60–100 bpm
c. 100–120 bpm
d. 120–140 bpm
Answer: b. 60–100 bpm.
Rationale: A normal adult resting heart rate is 60–100 bpm, reflecting balanced
autonomic control. Rates outside this range may indicate tachycardia or bradycardia.
6. During a lab dissection, which structure is identified as a thick-walled vessel
branching from the left ventricle?
a. Pulmonary artery
b. Aorta
c. Coronary artery
d. Vena cava
Answer: b. Aorta.
Rationale: The aorta, a thick-walled artery, branches from the left ventricle to distribute
oxygenated blood. The pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricle, coronary arteries
supply the heart, and the vena cava is a vein.
7. What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the heart?
a. Increases heart rate
b. Decreases heart rate
c. Increases contractility
d. Dilates coronary arteries
Answer: b. Decreases heart rate.
Rationale: Parasympathetic stimulation via the vagus nerve releases acetylcholine,
slowing the heart rate. Sympathetic stimulation increases heart rate and contractility, and
coronary dilation is not primarily parasympathetic.
8. Which component of blood is primarily responsible for oxygen transport?
a. Platelets
b. White blood cells
c. Red blood cells
d. Plasma
Answer: c. Red blood cells.
Rationale: Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds and transports oxygen.
Platelets aid clotting, white blood cells fight infection, and plasma carries nutrients.
9. What is the role of the chordae tendineae in the heart?
a. Conduct electrical impulses
b. Anchor heart valves
c. Supply blood to the myocardium
d. Regulate blood pressure
Answer: b. Anchor heart valves.
Rationale: Chordae tendineae anchor the atrioventricular valves (mitral, tricuspid) to the
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papillary muscles, preventing prolapse during systole. They do not conduct impulses,
supply blood, or regulate pressure.
10. A lab model shows a vessel with a single layer of endothelium. What type of vessel is
this?
a. Artery
b. Vein
c. Capillary
d. Venule
Answer: c. Capillary.
Rationale: Capillaries have a single endothelial layer, facilitating exchange of gases and
nutrients. Arteries and veins have thicker walls, and venules have slightly more structure
than capillaries.
Lymphatic and Immune System
11. What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
a. Transport oxygen
b. Return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream
c. Produce red blood cells
d. Regulate body temperature
Answer: b. Return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream.
Rationale: The lymphatic system collects excess interstitial fluid (lymph) and returns it
to the bloodstream via the thoracic duct. It also supports immunity but does not transport
oxygen, produce blood cells, or regulate temperature.
12. Which structure is the primary site of T-cell maturation?
a. Spleen
b. Thymus
c. Lymph nodes
d. Bone marrow
Answer: b. Thymus.
Rationale: The thymus is where T-cells mature, critical for adaptive immunity. Bone
marrow produces lymphocytes, lymph nodes filter lymph, and the spleen filters blood.
13. What is the role of lymph nodes in the immune system?
a. Produce antibodies
b. Filter pathogens and activate immune responses
c. Store red blood cells
d. Regulate lymph production
Answer: b. Filter pathogens and activate immune responses.
Rationale: Lymph nodes filter pathogens from lymph and house lymphocytes that
initiate immune responses. Antibodies are produced by B-cells, red blood cells are stored
in the spleen, and lymph production is not regulated by nodes.
14. Which cell type is primarily responsible for antibody production?
a. T-helper cells
b. B-cells
c. Macrophages
d. Neutrophils
Anatomy and Physiology II with Lab
(BIOS252) – Chamberlain University –
Exam 3 Review (2023/2024)
BIOS252 Exam 3 Questions
Cardiovascular System
1. What is the primary function of the SA node in the heart?
a. Regulate blood pressure
b. Initiate the heartbeat
c. Control valve closure
d. Pump blood to the lungs
Answer: b. Initiate the heartbeat.
Rationale: The sinoatrial (SA) node, located in the right atrium, acts as the heart’s
pacemaker by generating electrical impulses to initiate each heartbeat. It does not
regulate blood pressure, control valves, or pump blood.
2. Which vessel carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?
a. Aorta
b. Pulmonary artery
c. Pulmonary vein
d. Superior vena cava
Answer: b. Pulmonary artery.
Rationale: The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to
the lungs for oxygenation. The aorta carries oxygenated blood, pulmonary veins return
oxygenated blood, and the vena cava delivers deoxygenated blood to the heart.
3. What structure prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle during diastole?
a. Mitral valve
b. Tricuspid valve
c. Aortic valve
d. Pulmonary valve
Answer: c. Aortic valve.
Rationale: The aortic valve (a semilunar valve) prevents backflow from the aorta into the
left ventricle during diastole. The mitral valve prevents backflow into the left atrium, and
other valves serve different functions.
4. Which layer of the heart wall is responsible for contraction?
a. Endocardium
b. Myocardium
c. Epicardium
d. Pericardium
Answer: b. Myocardium.
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Rationale: The myocardium, the middle muscular layer of the heart, is responsible for
contraction to pump blood. The endocardium lines the chambers, the epicardium is the
outer layer, and the pericardium is the external sac.
5. What is the normal range for an adult resting heart rate?
a. 40–60 beats per minute (bpm)
b. 60–100 bpm
c. 100–120 bpm
d. 120–140 bpm
Answer: b. 60–100 bpm.
Rationale: A normal adult resting heart rate is 60–100 bpm, reflecting balanced
autonomic control. Rates outside this range may indicate tachycardia or bradycardia.
6. During a lab dissection, which structure is identified as a thick-walled vessel
branching from the left ventricle?
a. Pulmonary artery
b. Aorta
c. Coronary artery
d. Vena cava
Answer: b. Aorta.
Rationale: The aorta, a thick-walled artery, branches from the left ventricle to distribute
oxygenated blood. The pulmonary artery arises from the right ventricle, coronary arteries
supply the heart, and the vena cava is a vein.
7. What is the effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the heart?
a. Increases heart rate
b. Decreases heart rate
c. Increases contractility
d. Dilates coronary arteries
Answer: b. Decreases heart rate.
Rationale: Parasympathetic stimulation via the vagus nerve releases acetylcholine,
slowing the heart rate. Sympathetic stimulation increases heart rate and contractility, and
coronary dilation is not primarily parasympathetic.
8. Which component of blood is primarily responsible for oxygen transport?
a. Platelets
b. White blood cells
c. Red blood cells
d. Plasma
Answer: c. Red blood cells.
Rationale: Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds and transports oxygen.
Platelets aid clotting, white blood cells fight infection, and plasma carries nutrients.
9. What is the role of the chordae tendineae in the heart?
a. Conduct electrical impulses
b. Anchor heart valves
c. Supply blood to the myocardium
d. Regulate blood pressure
Answer: b. Anchor heart valves.
Rationale: Chordae tendineae anchor the atrioventricular valves (mitral, tricuspid) to the
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papillary muscles, preventing prolapse during systole. They do not conduct impulses,
supply blood, or regulate pressure.
10. A lab model shows a vessel with a single layer of endothelium. What type of vessel is
this?
a. Artery
b. Vein
c. Capillary
d. Venule
Answer: c. Capillary.
Rationale: Capillaries have a single endothelial layer, facilitating exchange of gases and
nutrients. Arteries and veins have thicker walls, and venules have slightly more structure
than capillaries.
Lymphatic and Immune System
11. What is the primary function of the lymphatic system?
a. Transport oxygen
b. Return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream
c. Produce red blood cells
d. Regulate body temperature
Answer: b. Return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream.
Rationale: The lymphatic system collects excess interstitial fluid (lymph) and returns it
to the bloodstream via the thoracic duct. It also supports immunity but does not transport
oxygen, produce blood cells, or regulate temperature.
12. Which structure is the primary site of T-cell maturation?
a. Spleen
b. Thymus
c. Lymph nodes
d. Bone marrow
Answer: b. Thymus.
Rationale: The thymus is where T-cells mature, critical for adaptive immunity. Bone
marrow produces lymphocytes, lymph nodes filter lymph, and the spleen filters blood.
13. What is the role of lymph nodes in the immune system?
a. Produce antibodies
b. Filter pathogens and activate immune responses
c. Store red blood cells
d. Regulate lymph production
Answer: b. Filter pathogens and activate immune responses.
Rationale: Lymph nodes filter pathogens from lymph and house lymphocytes that
initiate immune responses. Antibodies are produced by B-cells, red blood cells are stored
in the spleen, and lymph production is not regulated by nodes.
14. Which cell type is primarily responsible for antibody production?
a. T-helper cells
b. B-cells
c. Macrophages
d. Neutrophils
