1|Page
HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE EXAM |
COMPREHENSIVE Q&A FOR GUARANTEED
SUCCESS
the nurse is assessing an older client and determines that the client's left upper
eyelid droops, covering more of the iris than the right eyelid. Which description
should the nurse use to document this finding? -correct-answer-ptosis on the left
eyelid
A client w/ aortic valve stenosis dvps HF. Which pathophys finding occurs in the
myocardial cells as a result of the increased cardiac workload? -correct-answer-
Increase in size
HTN and incompetent or stenotic heart valves cause an increase in the workload
of the heart by increasing afterload which requires an increase in the force of cxn
to pump blood out of the heart. Myocardial hypertrophy results because the cells
increase in surface area or size by increasing the amt of contractile proteins, but
the quantity of fibers remain constant. As myocardial hypertrophy progresses, the
heart becomes ineffective as a pump because the ventricular wall cannot dvp
enough tension to cause effective contraction, which causes myocardial irritability
due to hypoxia
,2|Page
The nurse is measuring BP on all 4 ext's of a child w/ coarctation of the aorta.
Which BP finding should the nurse expect to obtain? -correct-answer-Lower in
thelegs than in the arms
In coarctation of the aorta, a congenital constriction is found at the aorta near the
ductus arteriosus region that lies past the left subclavian arteries, which perfuses
the upper extremities.
What is the underlying phathophys process b/w free radicals and destruction of a
cell membrane? -correct-answer-Enzyme release from lysosomes
Oxidative damage to cells is thought to be a causative factor in disease and aging.
If free radicals bind to polyunsaturated fatty acids found in the lysosome
membrane, the lysosome, nicknamed "suicide bags" leaks its protein catalytic
enzymes intracellularly and the cell is destroyed
Which clinical finding shojuld the nurse ID in a client who is admitted w/ cardiac
cirrhosis? -correct-answer-Peripheral edema
4 types of cirrhosis: alcoholic, post-necrotic, biliary, and cardiac. Cardiac is
associated w/ severe right sided heart failure, so peripheral edema is most
consistant
, 3|Page
While the nurse obtains a male client's hx, review of systems, and physical exam,
the client tells the nurse that his breast drains fluid secretions from the nipple.
The nurse should seek further eval of which endocrine land fxn? -correct-answer-
Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
Breast fluid and milk production are induced by the presence of prolactin secreted
from the anterior pituitary gland, which is regulated by the hypothalmus'
secretion of prolactin-inhibiting hormone in both men and women. further eval of
the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland should provide additional info
about the secretions or lactation
The nurse is assessing the lab results for a client who is admitted w/ renal failure
and osteodystrophy. Which findings are consistent w/ the client's clinical picture? -
correct-answer-K+ 5.5 mEq and total Ca+ 6 mg/dL
In renal failure, normal serum electrolyte balance is altered because the kidneys
fail to acitvate vitamin D, Ca+ absorption is impaired, and serum Ca+ decreases,
which stimulates the release of PTH causing resorption of Ca+ and phosphate
from the bone. A decreased tubular excretion and a decreased glomerular
filtration rate results in hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperkalemia
Which HC practice is most important for the nurse to teach a postmenapausal
client? -correct-answer-consume adequate foods rich in Ca+
HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY PRACTICE EXAM |
COMPREHENSIVE Q&A FOR GUARANTEED
SUCCESS
the nurse is assessing an older client and determines that the client's left upper
eyelid droops, covering more of the iris than the right eyelid. Which description
should the nurse use to document this finding? -correct-answer-ptosis on the left
eyelid
A client w/ aortic valve stenosis dvps HF. Which pathophys finding occurs in the
myocardial cells as a result of the increased cardiac workload? -correct-answer-
Increase in size
HTN and incompetent or stenotic heart valves cause an increase in the workload
of the heart by increasing afterload which requires an increase in the force of cxn
to pump blood out of the heart. Myocardial hypertrophy results because the cells
increase in surface area or size by increasing the amt of contractile proteins, but
the quantity of fibers remain constant. As myocardial hypertrophy progresses, the
heart becomes ineffective as a pump because the ventricular wall cannot dvp
enough tension to cause effective contraction, which causes myocardial irritability
due to hypoxia
,2|Page
The nurse is measuring BP on all 4 ext's of a child w/ coarctation of the aorta.
Which BP finding should the nurse expect to obtain? -correct-answer-Lower in
thelegs than in the arms
In coarctation of the aorta, a congenital constriction is found at the aorta near the
ductus arteriosus region that lies past the left subclavian arteries, which perfuses
the upper extremities.
What is the underlying phathophys process b/w free radicals and destruction of a
cell membrane? -correct-answer-Enzyme release from lysosomes
Oxidative damage to cells is thought to be a causative factor in disease and aging.
If free radicals bind to polyunsaturated fatty acids found in the lysosome
membrane, the lysosome, nicknamed "suicide bags" leaks its protein catalytic
enzymes intracellularly and the cell is destroyed
Which clinical finding shojuld the nurse ID in a client who is admitted w/ cardiac
cirrhosis? -correct-answer-Peripheral edema
4 types of cirrhosis: alcoholic, post-necrotic, biliary, and cardiac. Cardiac is
associated w/ severe right sided heart failure, so peripheral edema is most
consistant
, 3|Page
While the nurse obtains a male client's hx, review of systems, and physical exam,
the client tells the nurse that his breast drains fluid secretions from the nipple.
The nurse should seek further eval of which endocrine land fxn? -correct-answer-
Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
Breast fluid and milk production are induced by the presence of prolactin secreted
from the anterior pituitary gland, which is regulated by the hypothalmus'
secretion of prolactin-inhibiting hormone in both men and women. further eval of
the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland should provide additional info
about the secretions or lactation
The nurse is assessing the lab results for a client who is admitted w/ renal failure
and osteodystrophy. Which findings are consistent w/ the client's clinical picture? -
correct-answer-K+ 5.5 mEq and total Ca+ 6 mg/dL
In renal failure, normal serum electrolyte balance is altered because the kidneys
fail to acitvate vitamin D, Ca+ absorption is impaired, and serum Ca+ decreases,
which stimulates the release of PTH causing resorption of Ca+ and phosphate
from the bone. A decreased tubular excretion and a decreased glomerular
filtration rate results in hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperkalemia
Which HC practice is most important for the nurse to teach a postmenapausal
client? -correct-answer-consume adequate foods rich in Ca+
