HNI 464 2025 EXAM QUESTIONS AND 100%
CORECT ANSWERS!!
What are the different age ranges for each developmental category?
Neonate = 0-1 month
Infant = 0-12 months
Toddler = 1-3 years
Pre-school = 3-6 years
School-age = 6-11 years
Adolescent = 11-18 years
Young adult = 18-21 years
What are examples of atraumatic care?
- Do procedures in the treatment room- do NOT do scary/painful procedures in kid's hospital bed
- Consult child life
- Encourage parental presence
- Give the pt as much control as possible
What is atraumatic care?
therapeutic care that minimizes or eliminates the psychological and physical distress experienced
by children and their families in the health care system
In atraumatic care you should...
-focus on patient family-centered care
- prevent or minimize parent-child separation
- promote sense of control
,- prevent or minimize physical stressors, including pain, discomfort, immobility, sleep
deprivation, inability to eat or drink and changes in elimination
Techniques for providing atraumatic care
-Therapeutic communication
(Goal directed, Focused and purposeful)
-Therapeutic play (Provides emotional outlet or coping devices)
-Child education
(Helps child understand the reason for the hospitalization/procedures)
- parental education
(engages parents as active participants in health care team)
What are the reasons for the majority of hospitalizations of children: younger than 5, older
children, adolescents?
- Younger than 5 = respiratory illness (RSV) or trauma (falls)
- Older children = mental health illness (depression), GI disorders (Crohn's)
- Adolescents = pregnancy
What are the phases of separation?
- Protest (cry, scream, run)
- Despair (withdrawal, regression, non communicative)
- Detachment (superficial adjustment, uses coping mechanisms, displays resignation but not
contentment, may have developmental delays)
What is the most common stressor of a hospitalized infant?
- separation from the parents, manifested by separation anxiety.
What are the nursing interventions to decrease anxiety and loss of control in
TODDLERS
, Rooming-in of parents
Transitional objects (bring to hospital) (example a blanket, pillow, doll, baby etc.)
Set time frame for parents to return if parent leaves the hospital
Teach parents how to assess child for stress
Follow home routine
PLAYROOM
Medical play
Expect regression: going back in development, don't expect certain ages to do certain things
ex. 4 yr old sucking thumb
5 yr old wet the bed
What are the nursing interventions to decrease anxiety and loss of control in
PRE-SCHOOLERS
Same interventions as for toddlers plus...
Offer choices and encourage participation
PLAYROOM
Medical & Therapeutic play
Worry beads, Worry dolls (things to rub when you are anxious
Be truthful
CORECT ANSWERS!!
What are the different age ranges for each developmental category?
Neonate = 0-1 month
Infant = 0-12 months
Toddler = 1-3 years
Pre-school = 3-6 years
School-age = 6-11 years
Adolescent = 11-18 years
Young adult = 18-21 years
What are examples of atraumatic care?
- Do procedures in the treatment room- do NOT do scary/painful procedures in kid's hospital bed
- Consult child life
- Encourage parental presence
- Give the pt as much control as possible
What is atraumatic care?
therapeutic care that minimizes or eliminates the psychological and physical distress experienced
by children and their families in the health care system
In atraumatic care you should...
-focus on patient family-centered care
- prevent or minimize parent-child separation
- promote sense of control
,- prevent or minimize physical stressors, including pain, discomfort, immobility, sleep
deprivation, inability to eat or drink and changes in elimination
Techniques for providing atraumatic care
-Therapeutic communication
(Goal directed, Focused and purposeful)
-Therapeutic play (Provides emotional outlet or coping devices)
-Child education
(Helps child understand the reason for the hospitalization/procedures)
- parental education
(engages parents as active participants in health care team)
What are the reasons for the majority of hospitalizations of children: younger than 5, older
children, adolescents?
- Younger than 5 = respiratory illness (RSV) or trauma (falls)
- Older children = mental health illness (depression), GI disorders (Crohn's)
- Adolescents = pregnancy
What are the phases of separation?
- Protest (cry, scream, run)
- Despair (withdrawal, regression, non communicative)
- Detachment (superficial adjustment, uses coping mechanisms, displays resignation but not
contentment, may have developmental delays)
What is the most common stressor of a hospitalized infant?
- separation from the parents, manifested by separation anxiety.
What are the nursing interventions to decrease anxiety and loss of control in
TODDLERS
, Rooming-in of parents
Transitional objects (bring to hospital) (example a blanket, pillow, doll, baby etc.)
Set time frame for parents to return if parent leaves the hospital
Teach parents how to assess child for stress
Follow home routine
PLAYROOM
Medical play
Expect regression: going back in development, don't expect certain ages to do certain things
ex. 4 yr old sucking thumb
5 yr old wet the bed
What are the nursing interventions to decrease anxiety and loss of control in
PRE-SCHOOLERS
Same interventions as for toddlers plus...
Offer choices and encourage participation
PLAYROOM
Medical & Therapeutic play
Worry beads, Worry dolls (things to rub when you are anxious
Be truthful
