HNI 464 EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS AND
100% CORECT ANSWERS!!
Why is calcium intake important during childhood
is essential for adequate bone density to prevent osteopenia and osteoporosis
is the muscular system formed at birth?
Yes! muscles don't inc in number but inc in length and circumference
what are myleography, electromyography (EMG), muscle biopsy diagnostic for
evaluate/analyze tissues (common for inherited disorders)
How is cold therapy used for musculoskeletal injuries
reduce edema, erythema, vasoconst
20-30mins on/off first couple of days then none because want vasodilation
What is important to ask in regards to history when during a ROS for musculoskeletal
- family history of disorders of muscular or skeletal
- trauma
- developmental delays
- structural abnormalities
- mobility aids
- physical limitations
The assessment for sensation in musculoskeletal
- pain
- paresthesia
- paralysis
Gross motor assessment for musculoskeletal
- muscle size (hyptertrophy? atrophy? one side?)
- muscle tone (hyper/hypotonia)
,- strength (squeeze fingers, push against hands, bilaterally equal)
- abnormal mvmts
Gait assessment
- arm and leg swing?
- heel to toe gait?
- spastic? scissors?
Posture assessment
- upright position
- presence of ataxia
- presence of swaying
**in adolesence bc of growth, may be clumsy or slouched
Joint movement assessment
- ROM
- contractures
- redness, edema, pain
- abnormal prominences
circulation assessment in musculoskeletal
- color?
- temp
- pulses (thready, bounding, absent?)
- cap refill
- edema in extremities
What is club foot
complex deformity of the ankle and foot
- bilateral in 50%
club foot is more common in male or females
males
, is club foot associated with other disorders
can be isolated or associated (cerebral palsy, spina bifida, intrauterine position of foot)
When does tx for club foot begin
- 1st weeks of life with serial casting for 8-12 weeks
- followed by corrective shoes
- if no improvement after 3 months, surgery is scheduled btwn 6-12 mo
What is the goal of care for club foot
- stretch tightened ligaments and tendons to return foot to maximal anatomic position!
- successful tx to facilitate normal ambulation
what tx occurs for club foot
- serial manipulaiton
- corrective casting
- splints
- surgical correction
What is serial casting
- cast applied to hold foot in desired position
- changed every 1-2 weeks until maximum correction is achieved
What nursing care occurs with serial casting
- cast care
- skin care!!! prevent skin breakdown
- educaiton of parents
Case care assessment
- unusual odor beneath the case (infection)
- tingling, burning, numbness of toes (worsening - call dr)
- drainage through case (infection)
- swelling or inability to move toes
100% CORECT ANSWERS!!
Why is calcium intake important during childhood
is essential for adequate bone density to prevent osteopenia and osteoporosis
is the muscular system formed at birth?
Yes! muscles don't inc in number but inc in length and circumference
what are myleography, electromyography (EMG), muscle biopsy diagnostic for
evaluate/analyze tissues (common for inherited disorders)
How is cold therapy used for musculoskeletal injuries
reduce edema, erythema, vasoconst
20-30mins on/off first couple of days then none because want vasodilation
What is important to ask in regards to history when during a ROS for musculoskeletal
- family history of disorders of muscular or skeletal
- trauma
- developmental delays
- structural abnormalities
- mobility aids
- physical limitations
The assessment for sensation in musculoskeletal
- pain
- paresthesia
- paralysis
Gross motor assessment for musculoskeletal
- muscle size (hyptertrophy? atrophy? one side?)
- muscle tone (hyper/hypotonia)
,- strength (squeeze fingers, push against hands, bilaterally equal)
- abnormal mvmts
Gait assessment
- arm and leg swing?
- heel to toe gait?
- spastic? scissors?
Posture assessment
- upright position
- presence of ataxia
- presence of swaying
**in adolesence bc of growth, may be clumsy or slouched
Joint movement assessment
- ROM
- contractures
- redness, edema, pain
- abnormal prominences
circulation assessment in musculoskeletal
- color?
- temp
- pulses (thready, bounding, absent?)
- cap refill
- edema in extremities
What is club foot
complex deformity of the ankle and foot
- bilateral in 50%
club foot is more common in male or females
males
, is club foot associated with other disorders
can be isolated or associated (cerebral palsy, spina bifida, intrauterine position of foot)
When does tx for club foot begin
- 1st weeks of life with serial casting for 8-12 weeks
- followed by corrective shoes
- if no improvement after 3 months, surgery is scheduled btwn 6-12 mo
What is the goal of care for club foot
- stretch tightened ligaments and tendons to return foot to maximal anatomic position!
- successful tx to facilitate normal ambulation
what tx occurs for club foot
- serial manipulaiton
- corrective casting
- splints
- surgical correction
What is serial casting
- cast applied to hold foot in desired position
- changed every 1-2 weeks until maximum correction is achieved
What nursing care occurs with serial casting
- cast care
- skin care!!! prevent skin breakdown
- educaiton of parents
Case care assessment
- unusual odor beneath the case (infection)
- tingling, burning, numbness of toes (worsening - call dr)
- drainage through case (infection)
- swelling or inability to move toes
