,Chapter 1: Perspectives on Maternal, Newborn, and Women’s Health
Care
1.
Which factor most significantly influenced the historical shift from home
births attended by midwives to hospital births in the early 20th century?
A. Advances in anesthesia and surgical techniques
B. Women’s preference for family-centered care
C. Availability of community health clinics
D. Increased rates of maternal literacy
✅ Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The introduction of anesthesia and surgical interventions in the
early 20th century shifted childbirth to hospital settings under physician
control. While literacy and community health centers improved health
awareness, technological advances and the medicalization of birth were the
primary drivers of this transition.
NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process (Analysis)
BLM: Cognitive Level: Analyze
2.
What is the most important reason for integrating evidence-based practice
into maternal and newborn nursing?
A. It provides a foundation for professional autonomy.
B. It allows nurses to implement personal beliefs into care.
C. It ensures patient care is grounded in current, proven interventions.
D. It reduces the need for interdisciplinary collaboration.
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Evidence-based practice ensures care decisions are based on
scientific research, improving patient safety and outcomes. While
,professional autonomy (A) and collaboration (D) are valuable, the essential
purpose is to guide care by the best available evidence, not personal opinion
(B).
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
KEY: Integrated Process: Evidence-Based Practice
BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand
3.
Which social change in the 21st century most directly influences women’s
health outcomes?
A. Increased female participation in the workforce
B. Higher educational attainment among women
C. Delay in childbearing to later reproductive years
D. Increased reliance on complementary therapies
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Delaying childbearing has direct clinical implications for fertility,
pregnancy risks, and neonatal outcomes. Workforce participation and
education (A, B) improve socioeconomic conditions, but childbearing trends
(C) most directly impact maternal-newborn health outcomes.
NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process (Assessment)
BLM: Cognitive Level: Analyze
4.
When evaluating patient safety initiatives in maternity care, which strategy
most effectively reduces preventable harm?
A. Mandating additional chart documentation
B. Implementing standardized clinical protocols
C. Increasing physician oversight of nursing care
D. Expanding visiting hours for family members
,✅ Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Standardized evidence-based protocols minimize variation,
enhance safety, and reduce preventable complications. Extra documentation
(A) does not ensure safer outcomes, and physician oversight (C) undermines
collaborative care. Family presence (D) is beneficial but not primarily a
safety mechanism.
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
KEY: Integrated Process: Quality Improvement
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply
5.
Which economic factor most strongly affects access to maternal and newborn
health care in the United States?
A. The availability of community support groups
B. Variability in health insurance coverage
C. Increased reliance on telehealth services
D. Regional cultural health beliefs
✅ Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insurance coverage is the strongest determinant of whether
women access prenatal care, screenings, and hospital delivery services. While
cultural beliefs and telehealth influence utilization, lack of insurance
coverage (B) remains the greatest economic barrier.
NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process (Assessment)
BLM: Cognitive Level: Analyze
6.
Which outcome best reflects the nurse’s role in improving maternal and
newborn health at the systems level?
A. Performing accurate patient assessments
B. Advocating for health policy reform
,C. Administering medications as prescribed
D. Providing emotional support during labor
✅ Correct Answer: B
Rationale: While direct care tasks (A, C, D) are essential at the bedside,
improving outcomes at the population and systems level is best achieved
through advocacy for evidence-based policies that enhance access, equity,
and safety in maternity care.
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
KEY: Integrated Process: Advocacy
BLM: Cognitive Level: Evaluate
7.
What is the primary reason maternal mortality is considered an indicator of a
nation’s health status?
A. It reflects access to advanced neonatal care.
B. It measures women’s participation in preventive services.
C. It highlights disparities in health care delivery.
D. It provides an accurate measure of socioeconomic status.
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Maternal mortality rates highlight systemic inequities,
particularly related to socioeconomic status, race, and access to quality health
services. Although neonatal care and prevention are related, maternal
mortality is a sentinel marker of disparities in health care access and
outcomes.
NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process (Analysis)
BLM: Cognitive Level: Analyze
8.
, Which historical development most contributed to reducing maternal and
infant mortality rates in the United States during the 20th century?
A. Introduction of electronic fetal monitoring
B. Widespread use of antibiotics and blood transfusions
C. Transition from home to hospital births
D. Implementation of family-centered birthing practices
✅ Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The availability of antibiotics, blood transfusions, and improved
surgical techniques drastically reduced infection-related maternal and infant
deaths. While hospital births and monitoring technologies played roles,
medical advances (B) were the turning point in mortality reduction.
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process (Understanding)
BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember
9.
Which principle of patient safety is most applicable in maternal-newborn
nursing?
A. Encouraging family members to make all medical decisions
B. Recognizing that errors are primarily due to individual negligence
C. Designing systems that prevent errors before they occur
D. Ensuring nurses independently alter provider orders when concerned
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patient safety emphasizes proactive system design to reduce
errors. Assigning blame to individuals (B) undermines safety culture, while
autonomy in changing orders (D) without collaboration can be unsafe. Family
involvement (A) is valuable but does not equate to safety design.
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
KEY: Integrated Process: Quality Improvement
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply
Care
1.
Which factor most significantly influenced the historical shift from home
births attended by midwives to hospital births in the early 20th century?
A. Advances in anesthesia and surgical techniques
B. Women’s preference for family-centered care
C. Availability of community health clinics
D. Increased rates of maternal literacy
✅ Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The introduction of anesthesia and surgical interventions in the
early 20th century shifted childbirth to hospital settings under physician
control. While literacy and community health centers improved health
awareness, technological advances and the medicalization of birth were the
primary drivers of this transition.
NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process (Analysis)
BLM: Cognitive Level: Analyze
2.
What is the most important reason for integrating evidence-based practice
into maternal and newborn nursing?
A. It provides a foundation for professional autonomy.
B. It allows nurses to implement personal beliefs into care.
C. It ensures patient care is grounded in current, proven interventions.
D. It reduces the need for interdisciplinary collaboration.
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Evidence-based practice ensures care decisions are based on
scientific research, improving patient safety and outcomes. While
,professional autonomy (A) and collaboration (D) are valuable, the essential
purpose is to guide care by the best available evidence, not personal opinion
(B).
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
KEY: Integrated Process: Evidence-Based Practice
BLM: Cognitive Level: Understand
3.
Which social change in the 21st century most directly influences women’s
health outcomes?
A. Increased female participation in the workforce
B. Higher educational attainment among women
C. Delay in childbearing to later reproductive years
D. Increased reliance on complementary therapies
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Delaying childbearing has direct clinical implications for fertility,
pregnancy risks, and neonatal outcomes. Workforce participation and
education (A, B) improve socioeconomic conditions, but childbearing trends
(C) most directly impact maternal-newborn health outcomes.
NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process (Assessment)
BLM: Cognitive Level: Analyze
4.
When evaluating patient safety initiatives in maternity care, which strategy
most effectively reduces preventable harm?
A. Mandating additional chart documentation
B. Implementing standardized clinical protocols
C. Increasing physician oversight of nursing care
D. Expanding visiting hours for family members
,✅ Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Standardized evidence-based protocols minimize variation,
enhance safety, and reduce preventable complications. Extra documentation
(A) does not ensure safer outcomes, and physician oversight (C) undermines
collaborative care. Family presence (D) is beneficial but not primarily a
safety mechanism.
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
KEY: Integrated Process: Quality Improvement
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply
5.
Which economic factor most strongly affects access to maternal and newborn
health care in the United States?
A. The availability of community support groups
B. Variability in health insurance coverage
C. Increased reliance on telehealth services
D. Regional cultural health beliefs
✅ Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Insurance coverage is the strongest determinant of whether
women access prenatal care, screenings, and hospital delivery services. While
cultural beliefs and telehealth influence utilization, lack of insurance
coverage (B) remains the greatest economic barrier.
NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process (Assessment)
BLM: Cognitive Level: Analyze
6.
Which outcome best reflects the nurse’s role in improving maternal and
newborn health at the systems level?
A. Performing accurate patient assessments
B. Advocating for health policy reform
,C. Administering medications as prescribed
D. Providing emotional support during labor
✅ Correct Answer: B
Rationale: While direct care tasks (A, C, D) are essential at the bedside,
improving outcomes at the population and systems level is best achieved
through advocacy for evidence-based policies that enhance access, equity,
and safety in maternity care.
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
KEY: Integrated Process: Advocacy
BLM: Cognitive Level: Evaluate
7.
What is the primary reason maternal mortality is considered an indicator of a
nation’s health status?
A. It reflects access to advanced neonatal care.
B. It measures women’s participation in preventive services.
C. It highlights disparities in health care delivery.
D. It provides an accurate measure of socioeconomic status.
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Maternal mortality rates highlight systemic inequities,
particularly related to socioeconomic status, race, and access to quality health
services. Although neonatal care and prevention are related, maternal
mortality is a sentinel marker of disparities in health care access and
outcomes.
NAT: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process (Analysis)
BLM: Cognitive Level: Analyze
8.
, Which historical development most contributed to reducing maternal and
infant mortality rates in the United States during the 20th century?
A. Introduction of electronic fetal monitoring
B. Widespread use of antibiotics and blood transfusions
C. Transition from home to hospital births
D. Implementation of family-centered birthing practices
✅ Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The availability of antibiotics, blood transfusions, and improved
surgical techniques drastically reduced infection-related maternal and infant
deaths. While hospital births and monitoring technologies played roles,
medical advances (B) were the turning point in mortality reduction.
NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process (Understanding)
BLM: Cognitive Level: Remember
9.
Which principle of patient safety is most applicable in maternal-newborn
nursing?
A. Encouraging family members to make all medical decisions
B. Recognizing that errors are primarily due to individual negligence
C. Designing systems that prevent errors before they occur
D. Ensuring nurses independently alter provider orders when concerned
✅ Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patient safety emphasizes proactive system design to reduce
errors. Assigning blame to individuals (B) undermines safety culture, while
autonomy in changing orders (D) without collaboration can be unsafe. Family
involvement (A) is valuable but does not equate to safety design.
NAT: Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment
KEY: Integrated Process: Quality Improvement
BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply
