MTL 200 MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS LATEST VERSION

MTL 200 MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2025/2026 COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES || 100% GUARANTEED PASS LATEST VERSION 1. What are the three primary material eras? - ANSWER Stone Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age 2. What are the four levels of Material Structures? - ANSWER Subatomic Structures, Atomic Structures, Micro structures, Macro structures 3. What are the three basic materials? - ANSWER Metals, Ceramics and Polymers 4. Advanced Materials - ANSWER semiconductors, biomaterials, smart materials, nanomaterials 5. Atomic number - ANSWER the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, usually equals the number of neutrons 6. Isotope - ANSWER Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons 7. Formula for atomic mass - ANSWER Atomic Number + Neutrons 8. Mole - ANSWER the SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance 6.022 x 10^23 9. Bohr's Atomic Model - ANSWER Atoms have levels surrounding the nucleus where electrons are found. Levels can hold different amounts of electrons depending on their distance from the nucleus. 10. Wave-Mechanical Model [Schrodinger's Model] - ANSWER Modern model of the atom, atoms have electrons in "orbitals" that are like clouds around the nucleus 11. Quantum Numbers - ANSWER A set of four numbers that specify the properties of atomic orbitals and the properties of electrons in orbitals 12. Principal Quantum Number (n) - ANSWER symbolized by n, indicates the main energy level/shell occupied by the electron. N is the row in the periodic table 13. Secondary Quantum Number - ANSWER symbol = l; tells which sublevel the electron is on and determines the shape of the orbital; sublevels are repetitively numbered and also lettered 14. Two types of Point Defects - ANSWER Self-Interstitial and Vacancies 15. Self-interstitial - ANSWER A host atom or ion positioned on an interstitial lattice site. 16. Vacancy - ANSWER unfilled position; unoccupied apartment or room 17. Solid Solution - ANSWER A homogeneous crystalline phase that contains two or more chemical species. Both substitutional and interstitial solid solutions are possible. 18. Alloy - ANSWER A mixture of two or more metals 19. Two types of Solid Solution - ANSWER Substitutional and Interstitial 20. Factors affecting the Solubility of Substitutional Solid Solutions - ANSWER 1. Atomic Size 2. Crystal Structure 3. Electronegativity Factor 4. Valence 21. Weight Percentage - ANSWER C1 = m1/(m1+m2) 22. Atom Percentage - ANSWER C1' = (n_m1)/(n_m1+n_m2) 23. Polymorphism - ANSWER more than one crystal structure in a chemical compound 24. Allotropy - ANSWER more than one crystal structure in a chemical element. 25. Single crystal - ANSWER periodic arrangement of atoms - no grain boundaries!!!! 26. Polycrystalline - ANSWER several crystals having different crystal orientations. 27. Grain boundary - ANSWER atomic mismatch 28. Non-crystalline - ANSWER amorphous, no system arrangement of atoms (liquid). 29. Anistropy - ANSWER directionality in properties!!! 30. Isotropy - ANSWER having the same properties in all directions 31. 6 properties of a solid material - ANSWER 1)Mechanical 2)Electrical 3)Thermal 4)Magnetic 5)Optical 6)Deterioration (chemical reaction) 32. Classification of Metals (5 types) - ANSWER 1)Composed of at least 1 metallic element 2)Atoms arranged orderly 3)Relatively Dense 4)Relatively Stiff and Strong 5)Good conductors of heat and electricity 33. Classification of Ceramics (4 types) - ANSWER 1) Compounds between metallic and nonmetallic elements 2) Commonly (oxides, nitrides, carbides) 3) Relatively stiff and strong 4)Very brittle (high susceptibility to fractures) 34. Classification of Polymers (6 types) - ANSWER 1)The family of plastic and rubbers 2)Large molecular structures 3)Can be ductile/pliable 4)Known to soften/decompose over time 5)Low electric conductivity 6)Nonmegnetic 35. Classification of Composites (2 types) - ANSWER 1)Come from 2 or more types of material (metals, ceramics, polymers) 2)Designed to achieve multiple properties 36. Early civilizations have been designated by the level of materials development - ANSWER stone age, bronze age, iron age) NO ICE-AGE 37. Every modern technology is materials limited with respect to - ANSWER performance, reliability and cost 38. Basic components of materials science and engineering (MSE) - ANSWER 1. Processing 2. Structure 3. Properties 4. Performance 39. Materials science: Establishing the relationships among - ANSWER 1the processing, 2structures and 3properties of materials. 40. Materials Engineering: Designing or engineering the structure of a material - ANSWER to produce desired properties on the basis of structure-property relationships. 41. 4 levels of materials structures - ANSWER 1. Subatomic 2. Atomic 3. Microscopic 4. Macroscopic