CIE A LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY (9990) -
SCHIZOPHRENIA AND PSYCHOTIC
DISORDERS CORRECT ANSWERS
ECT - ANSWER-Local anaesthesia, muscle relaxation drugs, pass finely controlled
electric current through electrodes, intend to induce a seizure, the seizure is the
treatment rather than the current.
6-12 weeks depending on the severity, long intervals b/w to prevent relapse rates.
Many risks involved, harmful for those already with medical problems as it affects the
nervous and cardiovascular systems. Memory loss is a common side effect, rare
side effects include permanent neurological damage or even death. Better for
treating acute episodes of psychosis, fast and short term treatment.
The token economy, Paul and Lentz (1977) - ANSWER-Believe schizophrenia to be
a learned process, use behavioural therapies to help patients unlearn the individual
symptoms.
Used operant conditioning by reinforcing appropriate behaviour
84 participants with chronic admissions in a psychiatric ward.
Token economy group, Mileu group and the hospital group. Rewarded by tokens for
showing socially desirable behaviour.
Tokens could be exchanged for luxury items.
Overall significant reduction in positive and negative symptoms, more successful in
reducing catatonic and social withdrawal symptoms.
97% token economy
71% mileu group
45% hospital group
Could live independently for 1.5-5yrs.
CBT, Sensky (2000) - ANSWER-Aims to change and modify people thoughts and
how they process information.
CBT compared with non-specific befriending interventions for treatment resistant
schizophrenics.
90 patients from 57 clinics in Newcastle, Durham, Cleveland, 30 from London aged
16-60.
Both interventions by two experienced nurses.
CBT includes engaging with patients, discussing emergence of the disorder before
tackling symptoms. Hallucinations critical analysis -> diary.
Participants assessed by blind raters prior treatment, after treatment and 9-months
post treatment. Assessed by CPRS and SANS.
Significant reduction in both symptoms.
Follow up stage: CBT showed continued improvement while the other didn't.
Symptom assessment using virtual reality, Freeman (2008) - ANSWER-Novel and
standardised, makes sure the paranoid thoughts and behaviour are genuine.
Library/train setting with neutral avatars.
Sample of 200 students.
Measurement tools to profile paranoid thought prior VR test.
SCHIZOPHRENIA AND PSYCHOTIC
DISORDERS CORRECT ANSWERS
ECT - ANSWER-Local anaesthesia, muscle relaxation drugs, pass finely controlled
electric current through electrodes, intend to induce a seizure, the seizure is the
treatment rather than the current.
6-12 weeks depending on the severity, long intervals b/w to prevent relapse rates.
Many risks involved, harmful for those already with medical problems as it affects the
nervous and cardiovascular systems. Memory loss is a common side effect, rare
side effects include permanent neurological damage or even death. Better for
treating acute episodes of psychosis, fast and short term treatment.
The token economy, Paul and Lentz (1977) - ANSWER-Believe schizophrenia to be
a learned process, use behavioural therapies to help patients unlearn the individual
symptoms.
Used operant conditioning by reinforcing appropriate behaviour
84 participants with chronic admissions in a psychiatric ward.
Token economy group, Mileu group and the hospital group. Rewarded by tokens for
showing socially desirable behaviour.
Tokens could be exchanged for luxury items.
Overall significant reduction in positive and negative symptoms, more successful in
reducing catatonic and social withdrawal symptoms.
97% token economy
71% mileu group
45% hospital group
Could live independently for 1.5-5yrs.
CBT, Sensky (2000) - ANSWER-Aims to change and modify people thoughts and
how they process information.
CBT compared with non-specific befriending interventions for treatment resistant
schizophrenics.
90 patients from 57 clinics in Newcastle, Durham, Cleveland, 30 from London aged
16-60.
Both interventions by two experienced nurses.
CBT includes engaging with patients, discussing emergence of the disorder before
tackling symptoms. Hallucinations critical analysis -> diary.
Participants assessed by blind raters prior treatment, after treatment and 9-months
post treatment. Assessed by CPRS and SANS.
Significant reduction in both symptoms.
Follow up stage: CBT showed continued improvement while the other didn't.
Symptom assessment using virtual reality, Freeman (2008) - ANSWER-Novel and
standardised, makes sure the paranoid thoughts and behaviour are genuine.
Library/train setting with neutral avatars.
Sample of 200 students.
Measurement tools to profile paranoid thought prior VR test.
