ACS Analytical Chemistry Final- Exam
1.ppm: (grams analyte/grams sample)x10^6
2.Molarity: moles analyte/liter of solution
3.Volume Percent: (volume solute/volume soution)x100
4.Volume ppm: (volume solute/volume solution)x10^6
5.kilo-: 10^3
6.deci-: 10^-1
7.centi-: 10^-2
8.milli-: 10^-3
9.micro-: 10^-6
10.nano-: 10^-9
11.pico-: 10^-12
12.femto-: 10^-15
13.weight percent: (grams analyte/grams sample)x100
14.ppt: (grams analyte/grams sample)x10^3
15.ppt simplified: gram analyte/liter solution
16.ppm simplified: mg analyte/liter solution
17.ppb simplified: micrograms analyte/liter solution
18.pptr simplified: nanograms analyte/liter solution
19.buoyancy correction: m=(m'(1-(air density/weight density)))/(1-(air
density/ob- ject density))
20.accuracy: closeness of the mean to the "true value"
21.precision: reproducibility of individual measurements
,22.Uncertainty in Addition/Subraction: e=sqrt(ex1^2+ex2^2+ex3^2+...)
23.Uncertainty in
Multiplication/Division: e=y*sqrt((ex1/x1)^2+(ex2/x2)^2+(ex3/x3)^2+...
24.Significant Figures in Logarithms and antilogarithms: the number of
signif- icant figures in the log should equal the number of digits in the
mantissa
25.How many significant figures in log(205.5): four significant figures, so
you will need four decimal places in your answer
26.pH: -log[H3O+]
27.[H3O+]: 10^-pH
28.Absorbance: -log(transmittance)
29.Random Error: -repeated measurements are sometimes high and
sometimes low
-cannot be corrected for
30.Systematic Error: -repeated measurements are usually always high
or always low
-can and should be corrected for
31.Relative uncertainty=: absolute uncertainty/magnitude of measuremen
32.68% of measurements in a Gaussian Curve will lie: between the mean-1
and the mean+1
33.Variance in standard deviation: standard deviation squared
34.mean=: true value +-time*standard deviation
35.T-test Case 1: measure sample of known composition
36.T-test case 2: compare replicate measurement of an unknown sample
37.T-test case 3: compare individual difference of an unknown sample
, - two sets of data analyzed by both methods being used
38.T-test case 1 equation: true value= mean (+-)
(time*standard devia- tion)/sqrt(number of measurements))
39.T-test case 1 Tcalc=: (sqrt(n)Iknown value-calculated
meanI)/standard devia- tion
40.For Case 1:
If Tcalc>Ttable: the actual value isn't in the range and it is bad
41.For Case 1:
If Tcalc<Ttable: the actual value is close to our calculated value
42.For Case 2:
you need to first solve for Fcalc=: (larger standard deviation)^2/(smaller
standard deviation)^2
43.If Fcalc<Ftable, you should use: Case 2A
44.If Fcalc>Ftable, you should use: Case 2B
45.T-Test Case 2A: Tcalc=: (Icalculated mean 1-calculated
mean 2I/spooled)*sqrt((n1*n2)/(n1+n2))
46.For Case 2A:
if Tcalc < Ttable, then: the two sets of data are statistically
indistinguishable
47.For Case 2A:
spooled(standard deviation pooled)=:
sqrt((s1^2(n1-1)+s2^2(n2-1))/(n1+n2-2)) where s=standard deviation
and n=number of measurements
48.For Case 2B:
Tcalc=: (Icalculated mean 1-calculated mean
1.ppm: (grams analyte/grams sample)x10^6
2.Molarity: moles analyte/liter of solution
3.Volume Percent: (volume solute/volume soution)x100
4.Volume ppm: (volume solute/volume solution)x10^6
5.kilo-: 10^3
6.deci-: 10^-1
7.centi-: 10^-2
8.milli-: 10^-3
9.micro-: 10^-6
10.nano-: 10^-9
11.pico-: 10^-12
12.femto-: 10^-15
13.weight percent: (grams analyte/grams sample)x100
14.ppt: (grams analyte/grams sample)x10^3
15.ppt simplified: gram analyte/liter solution
16.ppm simplified: mg analyte/liter solution
17.ppb simplified: micrograms analyte/liter solution
18.pptr simplified: nanograms analyte/liter solution
19.buoyancy correction: m=(m'(1-(air density/weight density)))/(1-(air
density/ob- ject density))
20.accuracy: closeness of the mean to the "true value"
21.precision: reproducibility of individual measurements
,22.Uncertainty in Addition/Subraction: e=sqrt(ex1^2+ex2^2+ex3^2+...)
23.Uncertainty in
Multiplication/Division: e=y*sqrt((ex1/x1)^2+(ex2/x2)^2+(ex3/x3)^2+...
24.Significant Figures in Logarithms and antilogarithms: the number of
signif- icant figures in the log should equal the number of digits in the
mantissa
25.How many significant figures in log(205.5): four significant figures, so
you will need four decimal places in your answer
26.pH: -log[H3O+]
27.[H3O+]: 10^-pH
28.Absorbance: -log(transmittance)
29.Random Error: -repeated measurements are sometimes high and
sometimes low
-cannot be corrected for
30.Systematic Error: -repeated measurements are usually always high
or always low
-can and should be corrected for
31.Relative uncertainty=: absolute uncertainty/magnitude of measuremen
32.68% of measurements in a Gaussian Curve will lie: between the mean-1
and the mean+1
33.Variance in standard deviation: standard deviation squared
34.mean=: true value +-time*standard deviation
35.T-test Case 1: measure sample of known composition
36.T-test case 2: compare replicate measurement of an unknown sample
37.T-test case 3: compare individual difference of an unknown sample
, - two sets of data analyzed by both methods being used
38.T-test case 1 equation: true value= mean (+-)
(time*standard devia- tion)/sqrt(number of measurements))
39.T-test case 1 Tcalc=: (sqrt(n)Iknown value-calculated
meanI)/standard devia- tion
40.For Case 1:
If Tcalc>Ttable: the actual value isn't in the range and it is bad
41.For Case 1:
If Tcalc<Ttable: the actual value is close to our calculated value
42.For Case 2:
you need to first solve for Fcalc=: (larger standard deviation)^2/(smaller
standard deviation)^2
43.If Fcalc<Ftable, you should use: Case 2A
44.If Fcalc>Ftable, you should use: Case 2B
45.T-Test Case 2A: Tcalc=: (Icalculated mean 1-calculated
mean 2I/spooled)*sqrt((n1*n2)/(n1+n2))
46.For Case 2A:
if Tcalc < Ttable, then: the two sets of data are statistically
indistinguishable
47.For Case 2A:
spooled(standard deviation pooled)=:
sqrt((s1^2(n1-1)+s2^2(n2-1))/(n1+n2-2)) where s=standard deviation
and n=number of measurements
48.For Case 2B:
Tcalc=: (Icalculated mean 1-calculated mean
