Test Bank For Advanced Health Assessment & Clinical Diagnosis in Primary Care 6th Edition by Joyce E. Dains; Linda Ciofu Baumann; Pamela Scheibel

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TESTBANKFORADVANCEDHEALTHASS ES
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SMENT&CLINICALDIAGNOSISINPRIM AR
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YCARE6THEDITIONDAINSISBN:978032 3594
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554
This Test Bank is Directly from The Publisher H
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as All Chapters With 100%Correct Answers INS
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TANT DOWNLOAD
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Chapter1:ClinicalReasoning,DifferentialDiagnosis,Evidence-
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Based Practice, and Symptom AnalysisMultiple Choice
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Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
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A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick

2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
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A. Methodical and systematic ss ss


B. Attentive to the patient‘s verbal and nonverbal langu
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a
ge
C. Able to accurately interpret the patient‘s responses
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D. Adept at reading into the patient‘s statements
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3. Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
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A. Chief complaint ss


B. History of the present illness ss ss s s s s


C. Current vital signs ss ss


D. All of the above are essential history componen
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ts
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4. Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to:
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A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings ss ss ss ss ss


B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and sympto
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ms
C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to otherDconditions
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D. Foresee unpredictable findings ss ss




5. The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
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A. Evidence-based investigations ss


B. Primary reports of research ss s s ss


C. Estimation based on a provider‘s experien ss s s ss ss ss


c
e
D. Published meta-analyses ss




6. The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
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A. Algorithm published in a peer- ss ss s s ss


reviewed journal article ss ss


B. Clinical practice guidelines ss s s


C. Evidence-based research ss


D. All of the above s s ss ss




7. If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a:
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A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal re
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sult
B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal re
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s ult ss


C. Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition
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D. None of the above s s ss ss




8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a:
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A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result
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C. High percentage of individuals with a disorderDwill show a normal res
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ult
D. Low percentage of individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal re
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sult
9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
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A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease
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B. Negative result is strongly asDsoow
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C. Positive result is weaklyStausvsioa.ccioatmed- TwhiethMthaerkedtipselaacseeto Buy andSell your Study Material
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D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the dis
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eas
e
10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-
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based resource based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations, settings, an
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d/or patients?
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A. Clinical practice guidelin ss s s


e
B. Clinical decision rule ss s s


C. Clinical algorithm ss




Chapter 1: Clinical reasoning, differential diagnosis, evidence-based practice, and symptom ana
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Answer Section
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MULTIPLE CHOICE ss




1. ANS: B
Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-
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making: intuitive and analytical. Intuitive decision- making (similar to Augenblink decision-
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making) is based on the experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired with fairly common errors
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. In contrast, analytical decision-making is based on careful consideration and has greater reliability with rare errors.
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PTS: 1
2. ANS: D
To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient‘s verbal and nonverbal langua
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ge, an d able to accurately interpret the patient‘s responses to questions. Rather than reading into the patient‘s statem
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ents, they cl arify any areas of uncertainty.
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PTS: 1
3. ANS: C
Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the health history.
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PTS: 1
4. ANS: D
While performing the physical examination, the examinerDmust be able to differentiate between normal and abnormal f
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indin gs, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their associated signs and symptoms, recognize how cer
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tain conditi ons affect the response to other conditions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findings.
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PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published meta-
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analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widelyDused and available for application to the reason
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ing process, is the estimation based on a provider‘s experience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past
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decade, the availability of evidence on which to base clinical reasoning is improving, and there is an increasing expect
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ation that clinica l reasoning be based on scientific evidence.
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Evidence-based statistics are also increasingly being used to develop resources to facilitate clinical decision-making.
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PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-
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based resources have been developed to assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and clinical practice guidelin
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es, assist in clinical reasoning when properly applied.
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PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
The sensitivity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of individuals with the target condition who show an abnormal, orDp ositiv
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e, result. A high sensitivityDindicates that a greater percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnorm
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al result.
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PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
The specificity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of normal, healthy individuals who have a normal result. T
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he gre ater the specificity, the greater the percentage of individuals who will have negative, or normal, results if th
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ey do not ha ve the target condition.
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PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
The likelihood ratio is the probability that a positive test result will be associated with a person who has the target
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sconditi on and a negative result will be associated with a healthy person. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a
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spositive result is associated with the disease; a likelihood ratio less than 1 indicates that a negative result is associate
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d with an absence of the disease.
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