Nursing Nr 326mental-Health-Exam-1 Mental Health & Mental
2) Mental Health Exam 1 Best Study Guide Questions And
Answers
Mental Health & Mental Illness (2) (Chapter 2)
• Theories Of Mental Health (4)
• Personality Is Defined As
“The Characteristic Way In Which A Person Thinks, Feels, And Behaves; The Ind Pattern Of
Behavior That Each Person Evolves, Both Consciously And Unconsciously, As His Or Her Style Of
Life Or Way Of Being.”
• Life-Cycle Developmentalists Believe That People Continue To Develop And Change
Throughout Life, Thereby Suggesting The Possibility For Renewal And
Growth In Adults.
• Stages Are Identified By Age. However, Personality Is Influenced By Temperament
(Inborn Personality Characteristics) And The Environment.
• It Is Possible For Behaviors From An Unsuccessfully Completed Stage To Be Modified And
Corrected In A Later Stage.
• Stages Overlap, And Individuals May Be Working On Tasks From More Than One Stage At
A Time.
• Individuals May Become Fixed In A Certain Stage And Remain Developmentally Delayed.
• Personality Disorders Occur When Personality Traits Become Inflexible And Personality
Functioning Becomes Individually And Interpersonally Impaired.
o Psychoanalytic Theory
,▪ Sigmund Freud, Who Has Been Called The Father Of Psychiatry, Is
Credited As The First To Identify Development By Stages. He
Considered The First 5 Years Of A Child's Life To Be The Most
Important, Because He Believed That An Individual's Basic
Character Had Been Formed By The Age Of 5.
▪ Freud's Personality Theory Can Be Conceptualized According To
Structure And Dynamics Of The Personality,
Topography Of The Mind, And Stages Of Personality Development.
▪ Freud Organized The Structure Of The Personality Into Three Major
Components: The Id, Ego, And Superego. They Are Distinguished
By Their Unique Functions And Different Characteristics.
• Id
o The Id Is The Locus Of Instinctual Drives—The “Pleasure
Principle.” Present At Birth, It Endows The Infant With
• Ego Instinctual Drives That Seek To Satisfy Needs And
Achieve Immediate Gratification. Id-Driven Behaviors Are
Impulsive And May Be Irrational.
o The Ego, Also Called The Rational Self Or The “Reality
Principle,” Begins To Develop Between The Ages Of 4 And
6 Months. The Ego Experiences The Reality Of The
External World, Adapts To It, And Responds To It. As
The Ego Develops And Gains Strength, It Seeks To Bring
The Influences Of The External World To Bear Upon The
Id, To Substitute The Reality Principle For The Pleasure
Principle. A Primary Function Of The Ego Is One Of
Mediator; That Is, To Maintain Harmony Among The
,External World, The Id, And The Superego.
• Superego
O If The Id Is Identified As The Pleasure Principle, And The
Ego The Reality Principle, The Superego Might Be
Referred To As The “Perfection Principle.” The Superego,
Which Develops Between Ages 3 And 6 Years, Internalizes
The Values And Morals Set Forth By Primary Caregivers.
Derived Out Of A System Of Rewards And Punishments,
The Superego Is Composed Of Two Major Components:
The Ego-Idealand The Conscience. When A Child Is
Consistently Rewarded For “Good” Behavior, The Self-
Esteem Is Enhanced, And The Behavior Becomes Part Of
The Ego-Ideal; That Is, It Is Internalized As Part Of His
Or Her Value System. The Conscience Is Formed When
The Child Is Punished Consistently For “Bad” Behavior.
The Child Learns What Is Considered Morally Right Or
Wrong From Feedback Received From Parental Figures
And From Society Or Culture. When Moral And Ethical
Principles Or Even Internalized Ideals And Values Are
Disregarded, The Conscience Generates A Feeling Of Guilt
Within The Individual. The Superego Is Important In The
Socialization Of The Individual Because It Assists The Ego
In The Control Of Id Impulses. When The Superego
Becomes Rigid And Punitive, Problems With Low Self-
Confidence And Low Self-Esteem Arise.
▪ Freud Classified All Mental Contents And Operations Into Three
Categories: The Conscious, The Preconscious, And The Unconscious.
, Topography Of The Mind
• The Conscious Includes All Memories That Remain Within An
Individual's Awareness. It Is The Smallest Of The Three
Categories. Events And Experiences That Are Easily
Remembered Or Retrieved Are Considered To Be Within One's
Conscious Awareness. Examples Include Telephone Numbers,
Birthdays Of Self And Significant Others, The Dates Of Special
Holidays, And What One Had For Lunch Today. The Conscious
Mind Is Thought To Be Under The Control Of The Ego, The
Rational And Logical Structure Of The Personality.
2) Mental Health Exam 1 Best Study Guide Questions And
Answers
Mental Health & Mental Illness (2) (Chapter 2)
• Theories Of Mental Health (4)
• Personality Is Defined As
“The Characteristic Way In Which A Person Thinks, Feels, And Behaves; The Ind Pattern Of
Behavior That Each Person Evolves, Both Consciously And Unconsciously, As His Or Her Style Of
Life Or Way Of Being.”
• Life-Cycle Developmentalists Believe That People Continue To Develop And Change
Throughout Life, Thereby Suggesting The Possibility For Renewal And
Growth In Adults.
• Stages Are Identified By Age. However, Personality Is Influenced By Temperament
(Inborn Personality Characteristics) And The Environment.
• It Is Possible For Behaviors From An Unsuccessfully Completed Stage To Be Modified And
Corrected In A Later Stage.
• Stages Overlap, And Individuals May Be Working On Tasks From More Than One Stage At
A Time.
• Individuals May Become Fixed In A Certain Stage And Remain Developmentally Delayed.
• Personality Disorders Occur When Personality Traits Become Inflexible And Personality
Functioning Becomes Individually And Interpersonally Impaired.
o Psychoanalytic Theory
,▪ Sigmund Freud, Who Has Been Called The Father Of Psychiatry, Is
Credited As The First To Identify Development By Stages. He
Considered The First 5 Years Of A Child's Life To Be The Most
Important, Because He Believed That An Individual's Basic
Character Had Been Formed By The Age Of 5.
▪ Freud's Personality Theory Can Be Conceptualized According To
Structure And Dynamics Of The Personality,
Topography Of The Mind, And Stages Of Personality Development.
▪ Freud Organized The Structure Of The Personality Into Three Major
Components: The Id, Ego, And Superego. They Are Distinguished
By Their Unique Functions And Different Characteristics.
• Id
o The Id Is The Locus Of Instinctual Drives—The “Pleasure
Principle.” Present At Birth, It Endows The Infant With
• Ego Instinctual Drives That Seek To Satisfy Needs And
Achieve Immediate Gratification. Id-Driven Behaviors Are
Impulsive And May Be Irrational.
o The Ego, Also Called The Rational Self Or The “Reality
Principle,” Begins To Develop Between The Ages Of 4 And
6 Months. The Ego Experiences The Reality Of The
External World, Adapts To It, And Responds To It. As
The Ego Develops And Gains Strength, It Seeks To Bring
The Influences Of The External World To Bear Upon The
Id, To Substitute The Reality Principle For The Pleasure
Principle. A Primary Function Of The Ego Is One Of
Mediator; That Is, To Maintain Harmony Among The
,External World, The Id, And The Superego.
• Superego
O If The Id Is Identified As The Pleasure Principle, And The
Ego The Reality Principle, The Superego Might Be
Referred To As The “Perfection Principle.” The Superego,
Which Develops Between Ages 3 And 6 Years, Internalizes
The Values And Morals Set Forth By Primary Caregivers.
Derived Out Of A System Of Rewards And Punishments,
The Superego Is Composed Of Two Major Components:
The Ego-Idealand The Conscience. When A Child Is
Consistently Rewarded For “Good” Behavior, The Self-
Esteem Is Enhanced, And The Behavior Becomes Part Of
The Ego-Ideal; That Is, It Is Internalized As Part Of His
Or Her Value System. The Conscience Is Formed When
The Child Is Punished Consistently For “Bad” Behavior.
The Child Learns What Is Considered Morally Right Or
Wrong From Feedback Received From Parental Figures
And From Society Or Culture. When Moral And Ethical
Principles Or Even Internalized Ideals And Values Are
Disregarded, The Conscience Generates A Feeling Of Guilt
Within The Individual. The Superego Is Important In The
Socialization Of The Individual Because It Assists The Ego
In The Control Of Id Impulses. When The Superego
Becomes Rigid And Punitive, Problems With Low Self-
Confidence And Low Self-Esteem Arise.
▪ Freud Classified All Mental Contents And Operations Into Three
Categories: The Conscious, The Preconscious, And The Unconscious.
, Topography Of The Mind
• The Conscious Includes All Memories That Remain Within An
Individual's Awareness. It Is The Smallest Of The Three
Categories. Events And Experiences That Are Easily
Remembered Or Retrieved Are Considered To Be Within One's
Conscious Awareness. Examples Include Telephone Numbers,
Birthdays Of Self And Significant Others, The Dates Of Special
Holidays, And What One Had For Lunch Today. The Conscious
Mind Is Thought To Be Under The Control Of The Ego, The
Rational And Logical Structure Of The Personality.
