NUR 3112 Exam 1 Questions With Complete Solutions
What are some nursing interventions in pts with Hepatitis?
- Assess (physical, psychosocial, pt knowledge)
- Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic meds
- Encourage gradual inc in activity
- Proper bagging, cleansing, and disposal of contaminated
enzymes
- Observe for signs of bleeding
What medications are used for symptom relief in pts with
Hepatitis?
- Anti-emetics
- IV fluids for hydration
- Antihistamines for itching
- Vaccine and/or immunoglobulin when appropriate
- Vitamin K if Prothrombin time prolonged
What is the most common type of viral hepatitis?
Hepatitis A (HAV)
40% of reported cases worldwide
What is the pathophysiology of Hepatitis A (HAV)?
- 2-6 weeks, avg incubation period is 28 days
- Illness may last 4-6 weeks
- Most contagious 10-14 days prior to symptoms
- Can cause hepatic cell necrosis and swelling
,- During the acute phase can cause obstruction of the flow of
bile
Hepatitis A (HAV)? Is there a vaccine?
- Self-limiting viral infection causing diffuse liver inflammation
- Transmitted thru fecal-oral route (ingestion of food or liquids
infected with virus)
- Has a vaccine
Diagnostic testing for Hepatitis A?
Anti-HAV determines exposure and is present with onset of sx
and persists for limetime
THEN...
IgM Anti-HAV --> Present with recent infection and persists for
up to 6 months
IgG Anti-HAV --> Present during post-icteric (recovery) phase
and remains elevated for years
Hepatitis A prevention management?
- Good hand hygiene!!
- protective equipment
- HAV vaccine- prior to exposure or early incubation
- Cleaning environmental surfaces appropriately
- Private bathroom
- Safe practices for preparing and dispensing food
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)? Vaccine? Clinical Manifestations?
,- Transmitted through blood and body fluids
- has a vaccine
- 10% of those with HBV progress to either a carrier state or
develop chronic hepatitis which leads to cirrhosis and
hepatocellular carcinoma
- Clinical manifestations same as with other types of viral
hepatitis
Hepatitis _____ is a major worldwide cause of cirrhosis and
liver cancer?
B
Over _______% who contract HBV recover spontaneously and
develop antibodies in 6 months?
90%
How does HBV effect adults over 60?
More severe and they are at inc risk for liver failure
HBV Diagnostics and lab tests?
, Therapeutic Management of HBV? Medications?
Supportive therapy/symptom management
Prevent transmission thru:
- Screening of blood donors
- Disposable syringes, needless administration systems
- Universal precautions
- Vaccination (3 or 4 dose depending on location)
Oral medications (tenofovir or entecavir) for chronic infection
• Suppress virus
Lifelong treatment
Vaccination for HBV? How many doses? Do children receive
it?
- Vaccination (3 or 4 dose depending on location)
- Mainstay of HBV prevention
What are some nursing interventions in pts with Hepatitis?
- Assess (physical, psychosocial, pt knowledge)
- Avoid alcohol and hepatotoxic meds
- Encourage gradual inc in activity
- Proper bagging, cleansing, and disposal of contaminated
enzymes
- Observe for signs of bleeding
What medications are used for symptom relief in pts with
Hepatitis?
- Anti-emetics
- IV fluids for hydration
- Antihistamines for itching
- Vaccine and/or immunoglobulin when appropriate
- Vitamin K if Prothrombin time prolonged
What is the most common type of viral hepatitis?
Hepatitis A (HAV)
40% of reported cases worldwide
What is the pathophysiology of Hepatitis A (HAV)?
- 2-6 weeks, avg incubation period is 28 days
- Illness may last 4-6 weeks
- Most contagious 10-14 days prior to symptoms
- Can cause hepatic cell necrosis and swelling
,- During the acute phase can cause obstruction of the flow of
bile
Hepatitis A (HAV)? Is there a vaccine?
- Self-limiting viral infection causing diffuse liver inflammation
- Transmitted thru fecal-oral route (ingestion of food or liquids
infected with virus)
- Has a vaccine
Diagnostic testing for Hepatitis A?
Anti-HAV determines exposure and is present with onset of sx
and persists for limetime
THEN...
IgM Anti-HAV --> Present with recent infection and persists for
up to 6 months
IgG Anti-HAV --> Present during post-icteric (recovery) phase
and remains elevated for years
Hepatitis A prevention management?
- Good hand hygiene!!
- protective equipment
- HAV vaccine- prior to exposure or early incubation
- Cleaning environmental surfaces appropriately
- Private bathroom
- Safe practices for preparing and dispensing food
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)? Vaccine? Clinical Manifestations?
,- Transmitted through blood and body fluids
- has a vaccine
- 10% of those with HBV progress to either a carrier state or
develop chronic hepatitis which leads to cirrhosis and
hepatocellular carcinoma
- Clinical manifestations same as with other types of viral
hepatitis
Hepatitis _____ is a major worldwide cause of cirrhosis and
liver cancer?
B
Over _______% who contract HBV recover spontaneously and
develop antibodies in 6 months?
90%
How does HBV effect adults over 60?
More severe and they are at inc risk for liver failure
HBV Diagnostics and lab tests?
, Therapeutic Management of HBV? Medications?
Supportive therapy/symptom management
Prevent transmission thru:
- Screening of blood donors
- Disposable syringes, needless administration systems
- Universal precautions
- Vaccination (3 or 4 dose depending on location)
Oral medications (tenofovir or entecavir) for chronic infection
• Suppress virus
Lifelong treatment
Vaccination for HBV? How many doses? Do children receive
it?
- Vaccination (3 or 4 dose depending on location)
- Mainstay of HBV prevention
