EXEMPLAR ESSAY: To what extent can holistic management plans to protect tundra and tropical
rainforest environments be successful? (16)
Management plans, including aeration, elevated buildings and international directives, can be enforced to
assist the protection of both the Arctic tundra and Amazon rainforest. It is without doubt the individual
management strategies that target specific biomes are more successful than holistic management
strategies, like international directives which attempt to protect numerous biomes.
It can be argued that management plans targeting the Amazon rainforest, such as afforestation, have been
successful on a regional scale. Between 1970-2013, deforestation averaged 17,500 km³ per year, equating
to 1/5 of the forest. This resulted in significant disruptions to both water and carbon cycles within the
Amazon rainforest. 100 billion tonnes of carbon is stored in the Amazon rainforest, so it is a fast carbon
sink with a global significance for maintaining earth's climate. Deforestation affects this considerably
meaning afforestation is one of the most successful management strategies to combat the loss of carbon
stored in the biosphere. Brazil has committed to restoring 120,000 km² of forest by 2030 through
afforestation which highlights its success as a regional management plan as it can restore water and
carbon cycle processes. However, as of 2023 only 20% has been completed which limits success.
Additionally, individual management strategies that specifically target the Arctic tundra such as elevated
buildings, have been successful on a local and regional scale. Permafrost is a carbon sink, storing 1600
giga tons globally, meaning it has a significant effect on the carbon cycle regionally and globally through
positive feedback loops. Thawing Pam Frost, due to direct contact of heated buildings, can be managed by
elevating buildings on stilts which allow cold F to circulate below to reduce the risk of throwing Parma
Frost. Moreover, the Alaskan pipeline from Valdez to Prudhoe Bay is elevated on stilts due to the oil
being 49°C. This management plan is successful both locally and regionally as it ensures water and
carbon remain stored in the crisis fair which maintains the Arctic tundra biome of a negative heat balance
for 8 to 9 months of the year.
Conversely, whilst individually targeted management plans for a specific biome have been successful,
holistic management plans for all biomes have largely been unsuccessful due to the lack of local and
regional success. International directives such as climate change agreements which aim to reduce carbon
emissions have the potential to be successful at managing the water and carbon cycles of both the
Amazon and Arctic through maintaining appropriate climate conditions. However, international
agreements like the Kyoto protocol are difficult to enforce and reach a global agreement where all parties
agree to make changes. This was demonstrated by the USA not ratifying the treaty which undermines the
success of the management strategy. Moreover, this global holistic approach does not assist local
management needed in the Amazon rainforest such as increased flooding due to deforestation which
significantly affects the people and the environment. This demonstrates how global management
strategies are not as successful as individual strategies.
To conclude, management strategies have varying levels of success depending on the desired outcome in
terms of restoring the normal water and carbon cycles. However, I believe the individually focused
management strategies targeting specific biomes are more effective and successful than global solutions.
rainforest environments be successful? (16)
Management plans, including aeration, elevated buildings and international directives, can be enforced to
assist the protection of both the Arctic tundra and Amazon rainforest. It is without doubt the individual
management strategies that target specific biomes are more successful than holistic management
strategies, like international directives which attempt to protect numerous biomes.
It can be argued that management plans targeting the Amazon rainforest, such as afforestation, have been
successful on a regional scale. Between 1970-2013, deforestation averaged 17,500 km³ per year, equating
to 1/5 of the forest. This resulted in significant disruptions to both water and carbon cycles within the
Amazon rainforest. 100 billion tonnes of carbon is stored in the Amazon rainforest, so it is a fast carbon
sink with a global significance for maintaining earth's climate. Deforestation affects this considerably
meaning afforestation is one of the most successful management strategies to combat the loss of carbon
stored in the biosphere. Brazil has committed to restoring 120,000 km² of forest by 2030 through
afforestation which highlights its success as a regional management plan as it can restore water and
carbon cycle processes. However, as of 2023 only 20% has been completed which limits success.
Additionally, individual management strategies that specifically target the Arctic tundra such as elevated
buildings, have been successful on a local and regional scale. Permafrost is a carbon sink, storing 1600
giga tons globally, meaning it has a significant effect on the carbon cycle regionally and globally through
positive feedback loops. Thawing Pam Frost, due to direct contact of heated buildings, can be managed by
elevating buildings on stilts which allow cold F to circulate below to reduce the risk of throwing Parma
Frost. Moreover, the Alaskan pipeline from Valdez to Prudhoe Bay is elevated on stilts due to the oil
being 49°C. This management plan is successful both locally and regionally as it ensures water and
carbon remain stored in the crisis fair which maintains the Arctic tundra biome of a negative heat balance
for 8 to 9 months of the year.
Conversely, whilst individually targeted management plans for a specific biome have been successful,
holistic management plans for all biomes have largely been unsuccessful due to the lack of local and
regional success. International directives such as climate change agreements which aim to reduce carbon
emissions have the potential to be successful at managing the water and carbon cycles of both the
Amazon and Arctic through maintaining appropriate climate conditions. However, international
agreements like the Kyoto protocol are difficult to enforce and reach a global agreement where all parties
agree to make changes. This was demonstrated by the USA not ratifying the treaty which undermines the
success of the management strategy. Moreover, this global holistic approach does not assist local
management needed in the Amazon rainforest such as increased flooding due to deforestation which
significantly affects the people and the environment. This demonstrates how global management
strategies are not as successful as individual strategies.
To conclude, management strategies have varying levels of success depending on the desired outcome in
terms of restoring the normal water and carbon cycles. However, I believe the individually focused
management strategies targeting specific biomes are more effective and successful than global solutions.
