PCOL 838 PULMONARY DISEASES.
EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the obstructive lung diseases?
Asthma, COPD, Acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and bronchiectasis
what are the pulmonary vascular disease?
pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary venous hypertension and pulmonary embolism
what are the types of pulmonary edema?
cardiogenic and noncardiogenic
what is the restrictive lung disease?
interstitial lung disease (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis)
what are the zones of the respiratory system?
conducting zone and respiratory zone
what is the conducting zone?
a continuous passageway for air to move in and out of the lungs
what structures make up the conducting zone?
1 @COPYRIGHT THESTAR 2025/2026
,nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles
what is the respiratory zone?
site of gas exchange deep in the lungs
what structures make up the respiratory zone?
Respiratory bronchioles, alveoli and alveolar ducts.
bronchi
The main passageways directly attached to the lungs
bronchioles
smallest branches of the bronchi
alveoli
tiny air sacs
what are the 4 main physiologic roles of the lungs?
1. to make oxygen available to tissues for metabolism
2. to remove the main byproduct of that metabolism
3. fluid homeostasis
4. host defense
what mechanisms facilitates gas exchange in the lungs?
simple diffusion
2 @COPYRIGHT THESTAR 2025/2026
, ventilation
movement of air in and out of the lungs (alveoli)
perfusion
The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels.
(T/F) perfusion must be greater than ventilation for gas exchange to occur
False, perfusion and ventilation must be closely matched for effective gas exchange
HPV
hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
what is the mechanism of HPV?
a homeostatic mechanism for matching of regional perfusion and ventilation in the lungs
pulmonary arterioles are sensitive to alveolar PO2, why is this important?
allow matching of perfusion to ventilation
what does decreased alveolar PO2 cause?
vasoconstriction of pulmonary arterioles = diverting blood to better-oxygenated lung segments
what does increased alveolar PO2 cause
vasodilation of pulmonary arterioles
visceral pleura
3 @COPYRIGHT THESTAR 2025/2026
EXAM 2025 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What are the obstructive lung diseases?
Asthma, COPD, Acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and bronchiectasis
what are the pulmonary vascular disease?
pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary venous hypertension and pulmonary embolism
what are the types of pulmonary edema?
cardiogenic and noncardiogenic
what is the restrictive lung disease?
interstitial lung disease (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis)
what are the zones of the respiratory system?
conducting zone and respiratory zone
what is the conducting zone?
a continuous passageway for air to move in and out of the lungs
what structures make up the conducting zone?
1 @COPYRIGHT THESTAR 2025/2026
,nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and terminal bronchioles
what is the respiratory zone?
site of gas exchange deep in the lungs
what structures make up the respiratory zone?
Respiratory bronchioles, alveoli and alveolar ducts.
bronchi
The main passageways directly attached to the lungs
bronchioles
smallest branches of the bronchi
alveoli
tiny air sacs
what are the 4 main physiologic roles of the lungs?
1. to make oxygen available to tissues for metabolism
2. to remove the main byproduct of that metabolism
3. fluid homeostasis
4. host defense
what mechanisms facilitates gas exchange in the lungs?
simple diffusion
2 @COPYRIGHT THESTAR 2025/2026
, ventilation
movement of air in and out of the lungs (alveoli)
perfusion
The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels.
(T/F) perfusion must be greater than ventilation for gas exchange to occur
False, perfusion and ventilation must be closely matched for effective gas exchange
HPV
hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
what is the mechanism of HPV?
a homeostatic mechanism for matching of regional perfusion and ventilation in the lungs
pulmonary arterioles are sensitive to alveolar PO2, why is this important?
allow matching of perfusion to ventilation
what does decreased alveolar PO2 cause?
vasoconstriction of pulmonary arterioles = diverting blood to better-oxygenated lung segments
what does increased alveolar PO2 cause
vasodilation of pulmonary arterioles
visceral pleura
3 @COPYRIGHT THESTAR 2025/2026
