NURS 225 - Exam 2 ACTUAL UPDATED
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
What do body fluids transport? - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Nutrients
2. Gases
3. Waste
What are fluids and electrolytes integral in generating? - CORRECT ANSWER -1.
Electrical Activity
2. Transforming food into energy
What organs are involved in homeostasis? - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Kidneys
2. Lungs
3. Heart
4. Adrenal Glands
5. Parathyroid Glands
6. Pituitary Gland
Two Types of Fluid? - CORRECT ANSWER -Intracellular
Extracellular
Types of Extracellular Fluid - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Interstitial (tissues)
2. Intravascular (plasma)
3. Transcellular (lymph, synovial, intestinal, CSF, sweat, urine, pleura, peritoneal, pericardial,
intraoccular)
Total Body Weight - CORRECT ANSWER -60% water
,What are electrolytes? - CORRECT ANSWER -Substances whose molecules dissociate
into ions when placed into water.
Cations vs. Anions - CORRECT ANSWER -Cations: positively charged
Anions: negatively charged
ICF prevalent cation & anion - CORRECT ANSWER -Cation: K+
Anion: PO43-
ECF prevalent cation and anion - CORRECT ANSWER -Cation: Na+
Anion: Cl-
Na+ - CORRECT ANSWER -ECF: 135-145 mEq/L
ICF: 10-14 mEq/L
K+ - CORRECT ANSWER -ECF: 3.5-5 mEq/L
ICF: 140-150 mEq/L
CI- - CORRECT ANSWER -ECF: 98-106 mEq/L
ICF: 3-4 mEq/L
Ca2+ - CORRECT ANSWER -ECF: 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
ICF: <1 mEq/L
HCO3- - CORRECT ANSWER -ECF: 24-31 mEq/L
ICF: 7-10 mEq/L
Passive Transport - CORRECT ANSWER -No energy needed to move fluids/solutes.
,Diffusion, Osmosis.
Active Transport - CORRECT ANSWER -Energy is necessary to move the solutes.
-ATP is used to actively move ions across the membrane: sodium, potassium, calcium, hydrogen,
amino acids.
Types of Fluid Balance Forces - CORRECT ANSWER -1.Hydrostatic (think water)
2.Osmotic (think protein)
What has more pressure? Veins or arteries? - CORRECT ANSWER -More pressure inside
of your arteries.
Fluid Balance Regulation - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Thirst
2.Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
3. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
4. Diuretics
Tonicity - CORRECT ANSWER -The tension or effect that the osmotic pressure of a
solution with impermeable solutes exerts on cell size because of water movement from one
compartment to another.
Isotonic - CORRECT ANSWER -Neither shrink nor swell.
Hypotonic - CORRECT ANSWER -Swell
Hypertonic - CORRECT ANSWER -Shrink
Hypovolemia - CORRECT ANSWER --Occurs when loss of ECF volume exceeds the
intake of fluid.
, -Dehydration.
-Low blood volume.
How do you help hypovolemia? - CORRECT ANSWER -Isotonic or hypotonic IV
solutions: lactaded ringers and normal saline. Not doing anything to the cells, trying to give the
body VOLUME.
Hypervolemia - CORRECT ANSWER --Too much fluid in the blood.
-An isotonic expansion of the ECF caused by the abnormal retention of water and sodium in
approximately the same proportions in which they normally exist in the ECF.
-Manifestations: edema, distended neck veins, crackles, tachycardia.
How do you help hypervolemia? - CORRECT ANSWER -Give lasix, like furosemide.
Give diuretic.
Edema - CORRECT ANSWER -accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces.
Causes of Edema? - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure
2. Decrease in plasma oncotic pressure
3. Increases in capillary permeability
4. Lymph Obstruction
third space accumulation - CORRECT ANSWER -results from loss of fluid from the
vascular space that becomes trapped in body compartments, such as the peritoneum.
Fluid Spacing (1,2,3) - CORRECT ANSWER -First Spacing: Normal
Second Spacing: Edema
Third Spacing: Fluid accumulation in part of body where it is not easily exchanged with ECF.
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
What do body fluids transport? - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Nutrients
2. Gases
3. Waste
What are fluids and electrolytes integral in generating? - CORRECT ANSWER -1.
Electrical Activity
2. Transforming food into energy
What organs are involved in homeostasis? - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Kidneys
2. Lungs
3. Heart
4. Adrenal Glands
5. Parathyroid Glands
6. Pituitary Gland
Two Types of Fluid? - CORRECT ANSWER -Intracellular
Extracellular
Types of Extracellular Fluid - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Interstitial (tissues)
2. Intravascular (plasma)
3. Transcellular (lymph, synovial, intestinal, CSF, sweat, urine, pleura, peritoneal, pericardial,
intraoccular)
Total Body Weight - CORRECT ANSWER -60% water
,What are electrolytes? - CORRECT ANSWER -Substances whose molecules dissociate
into ions when placed into water.
Cations vs. Anions - CORRECT ANSWER -Cations: positively charged
Anions: negatively charged
ICF prevalent cation & anion - CORRECT ANSWER -Cation: K+
Anion: PO43-
ECF prevalent cation and anion - CORRECT ANSWER -Cation: Na+
Anion: Cl-
Na+ - CORRECT ANSWER -ECF: 135-145 mEq/L
ICF: 10-14 mEq/L
K+ - CORRECT ANSWER -ECF: 3.5-5 mEq/L
ICF: 140-150 mEq/L
CI- - CORRECT ANSWER -ECF: 98-106 mEq/L
ICF: 3-4 mEq/L
Ca2+ - CORRECT ANSWER -ECF: 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
ICF: <1 mEq/L
HCO3- - CORRECT ANSWER -ECF: 24-31 mEq/L
ICF: 7-10 mEq/L
Passive Transport - CORRECT ANSWER -No energy needed to move fluids/solutes.
,Diffusion, Osmosis.
Active Transport - CORRECT ANSWER -Energy is necessary to move the solutes.
-ATP is used to actively move ions across the membrane: sodium, potassium, calcium, hydrogen,
amino acids.
Types of Fluid Balance Forces - CORRECT ANSWER -1.Hydrostatic (think water)
2.Osmotic (think protein)
What has more pressure? Veins or arteries? - CORRECT ANSWER -More pressure inside
of your arteries.
Fluid Balance Regulation - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Thirst
2.Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
3. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
4. Diuretics
Tonicity - CORRECT ANSWER -The tension or effect that the osmotic pressure of a
solution with impermeable solutes exerts on cell size because of water movement from one
compartment to another.
Isotonic - CORRECT ANSWER -Neither shrink nor swell.
Hypotonic - CORRECT ANSWER -Swell
Hypertonic - CORRECT ANSWER -Shrink
Hypovolemia - CORRECT ANSWER --Occurs when loss of ECF volume exceeds the
intake of fluid.
, -Dehydration.
-Low blood volume.
How do you help hypovolemia? - CORRECT ANSWER -Isotonic or hypotonic IV
solutions: lactaded ringers and normal saline. Not doing anything to the cells, trying to give the
body VOLUME.
Hypervolemia - CORRECT ANSWER --Too much fluid in the blood.
-An isotonic expansion of the ECF caused by the abnormal retention of water and sodium in
approximately the same proportions in which they normally exist in the ECF.
-Manifestations: edema, distended neck veins, crackles, tachycardia.
How do you help hypervolemia? - CORRECT ANSWER -Give lasix, like furosemide.
Give diuretic.
Edema - CORRECT ANSWER -accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces.
Causes of Edema? - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure
2. Decrease in plasma oncotic pressure
3. Increases in capillary permeability
4. Lymph Obstruction
third space accumulation - CORRECT ANSWER -results from loss of fluid from the
vascular space that becomes trapped in body compartments, such as the peritoneum.
Fluid Spacing (1,2,3) - CORRECT ANSWER -First Spacing: Normal
Second Spacing: Edema
Third Spacing: Fluid accumulation in part of body where it is not easily exchanged with ECF.
