PEDIATRICS:
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The parents of a child with sickle cell anemia are concerned about subsequent children having
the disease. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
"Sickle cell anemia is not inherited."
"All siblings will have sickle cell anemia."
"There is a 25% chance of a sibling having sickle cell anemia."
"There is a 50% chance of a sibling having sickle cell anemia." - ANS "There is a 25% chance
of a sibling having SCA."
SCA is inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder. In this inheritance pattern, there is a 25%
chance that each subsequent child will have the disorder
A 2-month-old formula-fed baby is brought in for a routine checkup. The parent of the baby
tells the nurse that a friend has advised her to give fresh cow's milk to the baby instead of
formula milk because it has high nutritional value. What is the nurse's best response?
1 @COPYRIGHT THESTAR 2025/2026
,Fresh cow's milk is the best source of nutrition for a 2-month-old baby.
The mother can start giving cow's milk to her baby at 3 months of age.
Cow's milk should be avoided before 12 months of age, because it may cause sickle cell anemia.
Cow's milk should be avoided before 12 months of age, because it may cause iron-deficiency
anemia. - ANS Cow's milk should be avoided before 12 months of age, because it may cause
iron-deficiency anemia.
It is important for a nurse to educate the parents about appropriate measures to be taken to
prevent iron-deficiency anemia. Fresh cow's milk contains a heat-labile protein that can induce
gastrointestinal bleeding in children younger than 12 months. It can also cause gastrointestinal
mucosal damage in these children, leading to bleeding. Therefore, fresh cow's milk should not
be given to children before 12 months of age, because it may cause iron-deficiency anemia due
to gastrointestinal bleeding. Sickle cell anemia is not caused by cow's milk; instead it is an
inherited genetic disease.
What is a common side effect of several chemotherapeutic drugs?
Hair loss
Glossomegaly
Increased energy
Increased appetite - ANS Hair loss
2 @COPYRIGHT THESTAR 2025/2026
, Hair loss is a common side effect of several chemotherapeutic drugs. Glossomegaly is not a
common side effect of chemotherapeutic drugs, although stomatitis is. Decreased energy,
rather than increased energy, is a common side effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. Reduced
appetite, rather than increased appetite, is a common side effect of chemotherapeutic drugs.
What is the most common form of childhood cancer?
Sarcoma
Epistaxis
Leukemia
Retinoblastoma - ANS Leukemia
Leukemia is the most common form of childhood cancer. Epistaxis is not cancer; it is the
medical term for a nosebleed. Sarcoma is not the most common form of childhood cancer; nor
is retinoblastoma.
What is the primary treatment for hemophilia?
Exercise
Corticosteroids
Pain management
Replacement of missing clotting factor - ANS Replacement of missing clotting factor
3 @COPYRIGHT THESTAR 2025/2026
HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY EXAM 2025
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The parents of a child with sickle cell anemia are concerned about subsequent children having
the disease. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
"Sickle cell anemia is not inherited."
"All siblings will have sickle cell anemia."
"There is a 25% chance of a sibling having sickle cell anemia."
"There is a 50% chance of a sibling having sickle cell anemia." - ANS "There is a 25% chance
of a sibling having SCA."
SCA is inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder. In this inheritance pattern, there is a 25%
chance that each subsequent child will have the disorder
A 2-month-old formula-fed baby is brought in for a routine checkup. The parent of the baby
tells the nurse that a friend has advised her to give fresh cow's milk to the baby instead of
formula milk because it has high nutritional value. What is the nurse's best response?
1 @COPYRIGHT THESTAR 2025/2026
,Fresh cow's milk is the best source of nutrition for a 2-month-old baby.
The mother can start giving cow's milk to her baby at 3 months of age.
Cow's milk should be avoided before 12 months of age, because it may cause sickle cell anemia.
Cow's milk should be avoided before 12 months of age, because it may cause iron-deficiency
anemia. - ANS Cow's milk should be avoided before 12 months of age, because it may cause
iron-deficiency anemia.
It is important for a nurse to educate the parents about appropriate measures to be taken to
prevent iron-deficiency anemia. Fresh cow's milk contains a heat-labile protein that can induce
gastrointestinal bleeding in children younger than 12 months. It can also cause gastrointestinal
mucosal damage in these children, leading to bleeding. Therefore, fresh cow's milk should not
be given to children before 12 months of age, because it may cause iron-deficiency anemia due
to gastrointestinal bleeding. Sickle cell anemia is not caused by cow's milk; instead it is an
inherited genetic disease.
What is a common side effect of several chemotherapeutic drugs?
Hair loss
Glossomegaly
Increased energy
Increased appetite - ANS Hair loss
2 @COPYRIGHT THESTAR 2025/2026
, Hair loss is a common side effect of several chemotherapeutic drugs. Glossomegaly is not a
common side effect of chemotherapeutic drugs, although stomatitis is. Decreased energy,
rather than increased energy, is a common side effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. Reduced
appetite, rather than increased appetite, is a common side effect of chemotherapeutic drugs.
What is the most common form of childhood cancer?
Sarcoma
Epistaxis
Leukemia
Retinoblastoma - ANS Leukemia
Leukemia is the most common form of childhood cancer. Epistaxis is not cancer; it is the
medical term for a nosebleed. Sarcoma is not the most common form of childhood cancer; nor
is retinoblastoma.
What is the primary treatment for hemophilia?
Exercise
Corticosteroids
Pain management
Replacement of missing clotting factor - ANS Replacement of missing clotting factor
3 @COPYRIGHT THESTAR 2025/2026
