Nurs 315 Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and its normal range? Which diagnostic test can be used
to measure GFR? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Glomerular Filtration Rate: The amount of
blood filtered by the glomeruli in a given time. Most reliable indicator of kidney function
- Normal Range: 70-135ml/min (125 mL/min)
- GFR can be lower in older adults
- Diagnostic Test Used to measure GFR: 24-hour urine collection, based on creatinine levels
Bicarbonate normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired - CORRECT
ANSWER - Normal Range: 22-26 mEq/L
Changes: Most patients in renal failure have metabolic acidosis and low serum HCO3 − levels.
BUN normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired - CORRECT
ANSWER - Normal Range: 10-20 mg/dL
Changes: Nonrenal factors may ↑ BUN
BUN/Creatinine normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired - CORRECT
ANSWER - Normal Range: 12:1-20:1
Changes: Increased ratio may be due to conditions that ↓ blood flow to kidneys
Calcium normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired - CORRECT
ANSWER - Normal Range: 9.0-10.5mg/dL
Changes: Lower
Creatinine normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired - CORRECT
ANSWER - Normal: Males 0.6-1.2mg/dL/Females 0.5-1.1mg/dL
Changes:
,Phosphorus normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired - CORRECT
ANSWER - Normal Range: 3.5-4.5 mg/dL
Changes: Phosphorus balance is inversely related to Ca2+ balance. In kidney disease,
phosphorus levels are high
Potassium normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired - CORRECT
ANSWER - Normal Range: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Changes: High K+ levels >6 mEq/L can lead to muscle weakness and dysrhythmias.
Sodium normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired - CORRECT
ANSWER - Normal Range: 136-145mEq/L
Changes: Lowers
Uric Acid normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired - CORRECT
ANSWER - Normal Range: Male 4.0-8.5 mg/dL / Female 2.7-7.3 mg/dL
Changes: Values depend on renal function, rate of purine metabolism, and diet intake of food
rich in purines.
Phosphate normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired - CORRECT
ANSWER - Normal Range: 3-4.5
Changes: Higher because of indirect relationship with calcium
What are the normal findings in urinalysis? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Bilirubin: None
- Casts: None
- Color: Amber yellow
- Culture for organisms: No organisms in bladder <10 to the 4 organisms/mL result of normal
urethral flora
- Glucose: None
- Ketones: None
- Odor: Aromatic
, - Osmolality: 50-1200 mOsm
- pH: 4.6-8.0 (6.o is average)
- Protein: Random protein: 0-trace / 24h protein: 50-80mg/day
- RBCs: 0-4/hpf
- Specific gravity: 1.005-1.030
- WBCs: 0-5/hpf (elevated in UTI)
Who are at the risk of development of urinary tract infection (UTI)? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Hospitalized individuals with catheters, females - specifically those going
through menopause, pregnant women, people with suppressed immune systems, Age (older
adults), dehydration/malnutrition
Pyelonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER - Upper tract; kidney, implies inflammation
(usually caused by an infection) of the renal parenchyma and collecting system
Cystitis - CORRECT ANSWER - Lower tract; inflammation of the bladder
Urethritis - CORRECT ANSWER - Lower tract; inflammation of the urethra
Upper Tract symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER - fever, chills, and flank pain
Lower Tract symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER - Dysuria, frequency (voiding more than
every 2 hours), urgency, and suprapubic discomfort or pressure. The urine may have grossly
visible blood (hematuria) or sediment, giving it a cloudy appearance
What are the characteristics of UTI symptoms among older patients? - CORRECT
ANSWER - - Asymptomatic - typically mental status changes
How would you instruct patients when they take antibiotics and over-the-counter medicines for
UTIs? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Take full course of antibiotics - even if symptoms are
gone continue to take it
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and its normal range? Which diagnostic test can be used
to measure GFR? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Glomerular Filtration Rate: The amount of
blood filtered by the glomeruli in a given time. Most reliable indicator of kidney function
- Normal Range: 70-135ml/min (125 mL/min)
- GFR can be lower in older adults
- Diagnostic Test Used to measure GFR: 24-hour urine collection, based on creatinine levels
Bicarbonate normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired - CORRECT
ANSWER - Normal Range: 22-26 mEq/L
Changes: Most patients in renal failure have metabolic acidosis and low serum HCO3 − levels.
BUN normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired - CORRECT
ANSWER - Normal Range: 10-20 mg/dL
Changes: Nonrenal factors may ↑ BUN
BUN/Creatinine normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired - CORRECT
ANSWER - Normal Range: 12:1-20:1
Changes: Increased ratio may be due to conditions that ↓ blood flow to kidneys
Calcium normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired - CORRECT
ANSWER - Normal Range: 9.0-10.5mg/dL
Changes: Lower
Creatinine normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired - CORRECT
ANSWER - Normal: Males 0.6-1.2mg/dL/Females 0.5-1.1mg/dL
Changes:
,Phosphorus normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired - CORRECT
ANSWER - Normal Range: 3.5-4.5 mg/dL
Changes: Phosphorus balance is inversely related to Ca2+ balance. In kidney disease,
phosphorus levels are high
Potassium normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired - CORRECT
ANSWER - Normal Range: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Changes: High K+ levels >6 mEq/L can lead to muscle weakness and dysrhythmias.
Sodium normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired - CORRECT
ANSWER - Normal Range: 136-145mEq/L
Changes: Lowers
Uric Acid normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired - CORRECT
ANSWER - Normal Range: Male 4.0-8.5 mg/dL / Female 2.7-7.3 mg/dL
Changes: Values depend on renal function, rate of purine metabolism, and diet intake of food
rich in purines.
Phosphate normal range and changes when kidney function is impaired - CORRECT
ANSWER - Normal Range: 3-4.5
Changes: Higher because of indirect relationship with calcium
What are the normal findings in urinalysis? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Bilirubin: None
- Casts: None
- Color: Amber yellow
- Culture for organisms: No organisms in bladder <10 to the 4 organisms/mL result of normal
urethral flora
- Glucose: None
- Ketones: None
- Odor: Aromatic
, - Osmolality: 50-1200 mOsm
- pH: 4.6-8.0 (6.o is average)
- Protein: Random protein: 0-trace / 24h protein: 50-80mg/day
- RBCs: 0-4/hpf
- Specific gravity: 1.005-1.030
- WBCs: 0-5/hpf (elevated in UTI)
Who are at the risk of development of urinary tract infection (UTI)? - CORRECT
ANSWER - Hospitalized individuals with catheters, females - specifically those going
through menopause, pregnant women, people with suppressed immune systems, Age (older
adults), dehydration/malnutrition
Pyelonephritis - CORRECT ANSWER - Upper tract; kidney, implies inflammation
(usually caused by an infection) of the renal parenchyma and collecting system
Cystitis - CORRECT ANSWER - Lower tract; inflammation of the bladder
Urethritis - CORRECT ANSWER - Lower tract; inflammation of the urethra
Upper Tract symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER - fever, chills, and flank pain
Lower Tract symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER - Dysuria, frequency (voiding more than
every 2 hours), urgency, and suprapubic discomfort or pressure. The urine may have grossly
visible blood (hematuria) or sediment, giving it a cloudy appearance
What are the characteristics of UTI symptoms among older patients? - CORRECT
ANSWER - - Asymptomatic - typically mental status changes
How would you instruct patients when they take antibiotics and over-the-counter medicines for
UTIs? - CORRECT ANSWER - - Take full course of antibiotics - even if symptoms are
gone continue to take it
