NUR 315 Exam 2 UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Symbiosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Benefits only the human; no harm to the
microorganism.
Mutualism - CORRECT ANSWER - Benefits the human and the microorganism.
Commensalism - CORRECT ANSWER - Benefits only the microorganism; no harm to the
human.
Pathogenicity - CORRECT ANSWER - Benefits the microorganism; harms the human.
Opportunism - CORRECT ANSWER - Benign microorganisms become pathogenic
because of decreased human host resistance.
Transmission - CORRECT ANSWER - The process by which infection spreads.
Direct Transmission - CORRECT ANSWER - Infection spread through direct contact.
Vertical Transmission - CORRECT ANSWER - Mother to child transmission.
Horizontal Transmission - CORRECT ANSWER - Exposure to blood and body fluids.
Indirect Transmission - CORRECT ANSWER - Contact with infected materials,
inhalation or droplet infection.
Communicability - CORRECT ANSWER - Ability to spread from one individual to others
and cause disease.
,Immunogenicity - CORRECT ANSWER - Ability to induce immune response.
Infectivity - CORRECT ANSWER - Ability to invade and multiply in host.
Mechanism of Action - CORRECT ANSWER - How microorganisms damage tissue.
Portal of Entry - CORRECT ANSWER - Route by which it infects the host.
Toxigenicity - CORRECT ANSWER - Ability to produce soluble toxins or endotoxins,
factors that greatly influence the degree of virulence.
Virulence - CORRECT ANSWER - Capacity to cause severe disease.
Incubation - CORRECT ANSWER - Initial exposure. No S&S but can spread still.
Prodromal - CORRECT ANSWER - Occurrence of initial symptoms (nonspecific),
pathogens continue multiplying.
Invasion - CORRECT ANSWER - Immune and inflammatory responses triggered,
pathogens multiplying rapidly and invading further.
Convalescence - CORRECT ANSWER - Immune and inflammation systems remove
pathogens and S&S decline.
Bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER - Common, prokaryotes, aerobic or anaerobic, motile or
immotile, gram positive or negative.
, Virus - CORRECT ANSWER - Not capable of independent reproduction; inhibits host
DNA, RNA, or protein synthesis.
Fungal - CORRECT ANSWER - Large eukaryotic with thick, rigid cell walls without
peptidoglycans, reproduce by simple division or budding.
Parasite - CORRECT ANSWER - Large size variation, tissue damage is secondary to
infestation with toxin damage.
TNM System - CORRECT ANSWER - Cancer staging system that includes T (tumor
spread), N (node involvement), and M (presence of distant metastasis).
H pyloric - CORRECT ANSWER - Causes 75% of all stomach cancers; gastritis leads to
ulcer and then stomach cancer.
Hepatitis B and C - CORRECT ANSWER - Account for large majority of liver cancers.
Epstein Barr virus - CORRECT ANSWER - Associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma,
various lymphomas, and gastric adenocarcinoma.
HPV - CORRECT ANSWER - High risk types can cause cancer; types 16 and 18
responsible for majority of cancers of cervix, penis, vulva, vagina, anus, oropharynx.
Preload - CORRECT ANSWER - Represents volume in heart that has to be pushed out.
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWER - Represents pressure or tension the heart has to
generate to push blood into aorta.
Systolic - CORRECT ANSWER - Refers to the emptying phase of the heart.
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
Symbiosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Benefits only the human; no harm to the
microorganism.
Mutualism - CORRECT ANSWER - Benefits the human and the microorganism.
Commensalism - CORRECT ANSWER - Benefits only the microorganism; no harm to the
human.
Pathogenicity - CORRECT ANSWER - Benefits the microorganism; harms the human.
Opportunism - CORRECT ANSWER - Benign microorganisms become pathogenic
because of decreased human host resistance.
Transmission - CORRECT ANSWER - The process by which infection spreads.
Direct Transmission - CORRECT ANSWER - Infection spread through direct contact.
Vertical Transmission - CORRECT ANSWER - Mother to child transmission.
Horizontal Transmission - CORRECT ANSWER - Exposure to blood and body fluids.
Indirect Transmission - CORRECT ANSWER - Contact with infected materials,
inhalation or droplet infection.
Communicability - CORRECT ANSWER - Ability to spread from one individual to others
and cause disease.
,Immunogenicity - CORRECT ANSWER - Ability to induce immune response.
Infectivity - CORRECT ANSWER - Ability to invade and multiply in host.
Mechanism of Action - CORRECT ANSWER - How microorganisms damage tissue.
Portal of Entry - CORRECT ANSWER - Route by which it infects the host.
Toxigenicity - CORRECT ANSWER - Ability to produce soluble toxins or endotoxins,
factors that greatly influence the degree of virulence.
Virulence - CORRECT ANSWER - Capacity to cause severe disease.
Incubation - CORRECT ANSWER - Initial exposure. No S&S but can spread still.
Prodromal - CORRECT ANSWER - Occurrence of initial symptoms (nonspecific),
pathogens continue multiplying.
Invasion - CORRECT ANSWER - Immune and inflammatory responses triggered,
pathogens multiplying rapidly and invading further.
Convalescence - CORRECT ANSWER - Immune and inflammation systems remove
pathogens and S&S decline.
Bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER - Common, prokaryotes, aerobic or anaerobic, motile or
immotile, gram positive or negative.
, Virus - CORRECT ANSWER - Not capable of independent reproduction; inhibits host
DNA, RNA, or protein synthesis.
Fungal - CORRECT ANSWER - Large eukaryotic with thick, rigid cell walls without
peptidoglycans, reproduce by simple division or budding.
Parasite - CORRECT ANSWER - Large size variation, tissue damage is secondary to
infestation with toxin damage.
TNM System - CORRECT ANSWER - Cancer staging system that includes T (tumor
spread), N (node involvement), and M (presence of distant metastasis).
H pyloric - CORRECT ANSWER - Causes 75% of all stomach cancers; gastritis leads to
ulcer and then stomach cancer.
Hepatitis B and C - CORRECT ANSWER - Account for large majority of liver cancers.
Epstein Barr virus - CORRECT ANSWER - Associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma,
various lymphomas, and gastric adenocarcinoma.
HPV - CORRECT ANSWER - High risk types can cause cancer; types 16 and 18
responsible for majority of cancers of cervix, penis, vulva, vagina, anus, oropharynx.
Preload - CORRECT ANSWER - Represents volume in heart that has to be pushed out.
Afterload - CORRECT ANSWER - Represents pressure or tension the heart has to
generate to push blood into aorta.
Systolic - CORRECT ANSWER - Refers to the emptying phase of the heart.
