BIO 207 exam 1 umich UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is a microorganism (microbe)? - CORRECT ANSWER - -microscopic unicellular
organisms
-not just bacterial
-exist in all 3 domains (eukaryotic, bacteria, archaea)
-viruses also considered microbes
eukaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER - -moist or aquatic environments
-protista
-contain membrane-bound organelles
-DNA enclosed in a membrane-bound nucleus
-cells are generally larger and more complex
-18S rRNA
Prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER - -no nucleus
-diverse environments, in & on us
-generally smaller than eukaryotic cells
-16S rRNA
Genetic diversity on earth - CORRECT ANSWER - the overwhelming proportion of
genetic diversity is encoded by microbes
archaea - CORRECT ANSWER - -have a mixture of eukaryotic and bacterial features
-phenotypic features that distinguish them from bacteria:
cell walls-different amino acids & sugars than those of bacteria
cell membranes-chemically distinct from bacterial membranes w differing lipid structures and
chemical links
,-are extremophiles
mycology - CORRECT ANSWER - -study of fungi
-eukaryotic microbes (>100,000 species)
-cell walls contain chitin (acetylated amino-polysaccharide super strong)
-membranes contain ergostrerol (target of some anti-fungal drugs)
Unicellular (yeast) and multicellular (molds/mycelial)
Yeasts - CORRECT ANSWER - -unicellular fungi
-saccaromyces cerevisiae (bakers/brewers yeast)
-candida albicans (yeast infections)
-reproduce by budding
molds - CORRECT ANSWER - -mycelial (multicellular) masses
-hyphae: multinucleate cell filaments which extend & form branches, generating a mycelium
(septate - multiple cells w septa dividing cytoplasms
coenocytic - one long cell w many nuclei) types of hyphae
mycelia, mushrooms & mycorrhizae - CORRECT ANSWER - diff fungi forms:
-the familiar mushrooms
-mycelia of pathogens
-symbiotic partners of algae in lichens
major clades of fungi - CORRECT ANSWER - -chytridiomycota
-zygomycota
-ascomycota (bakers yeast)
-basidiomycota (mushrooms)
, lifecycle of basidiomycota - CORRECT ANSWER -
mycorrhizae - CORRECT ANSWER - myco = fungus, rhiza = root
-symbiotic association between plant roots & fungi
-two common types: endomycorrhizae (penetrate cell wall of plant root cells), ectomycorrhizae
(do not)
benefits of symbiosis between mycorrhizae - CORRECT ANSWER - benefits to fungus:
plants provide a source of carbohydrates to the fungus from photosynthesis
benefits to plant: fungi provide increased mineral nutrients (extend the volume of soil accessible)
fungi improve a plants access to water - more draught tolerant
algae - CORRECT ANSWER - photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. contain chlorophyll.
algae not necessarily related
-unicellular microalgae (diatomes)
-multicellular chains (giant kelp)
-brown algae
ecology:
-mostly aquatic
-water necessary for physical support, reproduction, diffusion of nutrients
-can grow wherever theres water and sunlight
phytoplankton - CORRECT ANSWER - (aka microalgae)
-microscopic life that forms the base of the marine food chain
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
What is a microorganism (microbe)? - CORRECT ANSWER - -microscopic unicellular
organisms
-not just bacterial
-exist in all 3 domains (eukaryotic, bacteria, archaea)
-viruses also considered microbes
eukaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER - -moist or aquatic environments
-protista
-contain membrane-bound organelles
-DNA enclosed in a membrane-bound nucleus
-cells are generally larger and more complex
-18S rRNA
Prokaryotes - CORRECT ANSWER - -no nucleus
-diverse environments, in & on us
-generally smaller than eukaryotic cells
-16S rRNA
Genetic diversity on earth - CORRECT ANSWER - the overwhelming proportion of
genetic diversity is encoded by microbes
archaea - CORRECT ANSWER - -have a mixture of eukaryotic and bacterial features
-phenotypic features that distinguish them from bacteria:
cell walls-different amino acids & sugars than those of bacteria
cell membranes-chemically distinct from bacterial membranes w differing lipid structures and
chemical links
,-are extremophiles
mycology - CORRECT ANSWER - -study of fungi
-eukaryotic microbes (>100,000 species)
-cell walls contain chitin (acetylated amino-polysaccharide super strong)
-membranes contain ergostrerol (target of some anti-fungal drugs)
Unicellular (yeast) and multicellular (molds/mycelial)
Yeasts - CORRECT ANSWER - -unicellular fungi
-saccaromyces cerevisiae (bakers/brewers yeast)
-candida albicans (yeast infections)
-reproduce by budding
molds - CORRECT ANSWER - -mycelial (multicellular) masses
-hyphae: multinucleate cell filaments which extend & form branches, generating a mycelium
(septate - multiple cells w septa dividing cytoplasms
coenocytic - one long cell w many nuclei) types of hyphae
mycelia, mushrooms & mycorrhizae - CORRECT ANSWER - diff fungi forms:
-the familiar mushrooms
-mycelia of pathogens
-symbiotic partners of algae in lichens
major clades of fungi - CORRECT ANSWER - -chytridiomycota
-zygomycota
-ascomycota (bakers yeast)
-basidiomycota (mushrooms)
, lifecycle of basidiomycota - CORRECT ANSWER -
mycorrhizae - CORRECT ANSWER - myco = fungus, rhiza = root
-symbiotic association between plant roots & fungi
-two common types: endomycorrhizae (penetrate cell wall of plant root cells), ectomycorrhizae
(do not)
benefits of symbiosis between mycorrhizae - CORRECT ANSWER - benefits to fungus:
plants provide a source of carbohydrates to the fungus from photosynthesis
benefits to plant: fungi provide increased mineral nutrients (extend the volume of soil accessible)
fungi improve a plants access to water - more draught tolerant
algae - CORRECT ANSWER - photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. contain chlorophyll.
algae not necessarily related
-unicellular microalgae (diatomes)
-multicellular chains (giant kelp)
-brown algae
ecology:
-mostly aquatic
-water necessary for physical support, reproduction, diffusion of nutrients
-can grow wherever theres water and sunlight
phytoplankton - CORRECT ANSWER - (aka microalgae)
-microscopic life that forms the base of the marine food chain
