Bio 207 Final UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
eusociality - CORRECT ANSWER - A complex social structure in which workers
sacrifice most or all of their direct reproduction to help rear the queen's offspring. Common in
insects such as ants, bees, wasps, and termites.
termite mound - CORRECT ANSWER - feat of organization
Differentiation/division of labor in the termite mound is due to eusociality and gene expression
across pathways
adult termite types - CORRECT ANSWER - King, Queen, Worker, Soldier, Winged Male
Same genome but many different developmental pathways - each activated by certain stimulus
What is the pressure to maintain the termite eusocial system? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Fitness - surviving long enough to reproduce and pass down your genes - continuesto operate as
a pressure because the members of the colony are very closely relatedand a worker providing
food for larva (for example) is a means of passing down itsgenes, since it shares part of its
genome with the larva
Only two instances of division of labor above the level of the individual: of equal importance
two examples - CORRECT ANSWER - siphonophore
eusocial insects
Developmental Pathway Activation in Bees - CORRECT ANSWER - three adult types:
Drone, Worker, Queen
three possibilities for unfertilized egg laid by queen bee - CORRECT ANSWER - It is
allowed to develop -> it becomes a haploid (N) Drone
It is fertilized and then lightly fed as it develops -> it becomes a diploid (2N) Worker
,It is fertilized and then heavily fed + given royal jelly as it develops -> it becomes a diploid (2N)
queen
Apis mellifera - CORRECT ANSWER - honey bee
ancestral condition in insects - CORRECT ANSWER - 2 wings
what causes insects to lose forewings, hind wings, or both - CORRECT ANSWER -
change in segment identity
Drosophila melanogaster segmentation genes dividing embryo - CORRECT ANSWER -
Maternal effect genes - set up overall anterior/posterior gradient (crucial for bilateral organisms)
Gap genes - Further subdivide into segments
Pair-rule genes: Establish pairs of segments
Segment polarity genes - Determine anterior/posterior axis within each segment
ultrabithorax mutant - CORRECT ANSWER - fly regains second pair of wings
5-Homeotic selector genes display colinearity - CORRECT ANSWER - they are expressed
in the same order as they are arranged on the chromosome
Homeotic mutants in vertebrates - CORRECT ANSWER - Mutants that alter these
segments have been studied in vertebrates
Hox9 - CORRECT ANSWER - expresses ribs where there should be only vertebrae
HOX genes - CORRECT ANSWER - The same colinearity is observed in mice as in flies
This led researchers to believe that the genes that make up modern developmental pathways are
all descended from the same original set of genes
, what provides proof of ancestral developmental genes - CORRECT ANSWER - all
bilateral organisms have colinearity
homeobox - CORRECT ANSWER - subsection of homeotic genes that are basically
identical across very different organisms : ancient gene duplication, with gene copies diverging
into new forms and function
phylum mollusca, class gastropoda - CORRECT ANSWER - Commit to defense in an
extreme way with a rock shell
solving problems caused by shell - CORRECT ANSWER - New shells grow at the edge
by mantle (solved the problem of getting bigger, w/o throwing away anything, ie no molting),
and overlapping whorls give it structure and the protected area within the coil - a defensive
adaptation
early form of gastropods - CORRECT ANSWER - limpets
cone-shaped shells & wide mouths
problems with limpets - CORRECT ANSWER - Shell only covers half of the body - the
other half must hold onto the substrate to keep the body entirely protected
All later gastropods have spiraling shells
By coiling shell, snails can make mouth smaller while still being able to grow
Locomotion is limited due to the heaviness of their shell - CORRECT ANSWER -
Gastropods do not effectively overcome this constraint
Have both circular and longitudinal muscles and move peristaltically
Problem: Do not use the coelom as a hydrostatic skeleton
Instead, use the flesh of their body as a skeleton
Questions and CORRECT Answers
eusociality - CORRECT ANSWER - A complex social structure in which workers
sacrifice most or all of their direct reproduction to help rear the queen's offspring. Common in
insects such as ants, bees, wasps, and termites.
termite mound - CORRECT ANSWER - feat of organization
Differentiation/division of labor in the termite mound is due to eusociality and gene expression
across pathways
adult termite types - CORRECT ANSWER - King, Queen, Worker, Soldier, Winged Male
Same genome but many different developmental pathways - each activated by certain stimulus
What is the pressure to maintain the termite eusocial system? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Fitness - surviving long enough to reproduce and pass down your genes - continuesto operate as
a pressure because the members of the colony are very closely relatedand a worker providing
food for larva (for example) is a means of passing down itsgenes, since it shares part of its
genome with the larva
Only two instances of division of labor above the level of the individual: of equal importance
two examples - CORRECT ANSWER - siphonophore
eusocial insects
Developmental Pathway Activation in Bees - CORRECT ANSWER - three adult types:
Drone, Worker, Queen
three possibilities for unfertilized egg laid by queen bee - CORRECT ANSWER - It is
allowed to develop -> it becomes a haploid (N) Drone
It is fertilized and then lightly fed as it develops -> it becomes a diploid (2N) Worker
,It is fertilized and then heavily fed + given royal jelly as it develops -> it becomes a diploid (2N)
queen
Apis mellifera - CORRECT ANSWER - honey bee
ancestral condition in insects - CORRECT ANSWER - 2 wings
what causes insects to lose forewings, hind wings, or both - CORRECT ANSWER -
change in segment identity
Drosophila melanogaster segmentation genes dividing embryo - CORRECT ANSWER -
Maternal effect genes - set up overall anterior/posterior gradient (crucial for bilateral organisms)
Gap genes - Further subdivide into segments
Pair-rule genes: Establish pairs of segments
Segment polarity genes - Determine anterior/posterior axis within each segment
ultrabithorax mutant - CORRECT ANSWER - fly regains second pair of wings
5-Homeotic selector genes display colinearity - CORRECT ANSWER - they are expressed
in the same order as they are arranged on the chromosome
Homeotic mutants in vertebrates - CORRECT ANSWER - Mutants that alter these
segments have been studied in vertebrates
Hox9 - CORRECT ANSWER - expresses ribs where there should be only vertebrae
HOX genes - CORRECT ANSWER - The same colinearity is observed in mice as in flies
This led researchers to believe that the genes that make up modern developmental pathways are
all descended from the same original set of genes
, what provides proof of ancestral developmental genes - CORRECT ANSWER - all
bilateral organisms have colinearity
homeobox - CORRECT ANSWER - subsection of homeotic genes that are basically
identical across very different organisms : ancient gene duplication, with gene copies diverging
into new forms and function
phylum mollusca, class gastropoda - CORRECT ANSWER - Commit to defense in an
extreme way with a rock shell
solving problems caused by shell - CORRECT ANSWER - New shells grow at the edge
by mantle (solved the problem of getting bigger, w/o throwing away anything, ie no molting),
and overlapping whorls give it structure and the protected area within the coil - a defensive
adaptation
early form of gastropods - CORRECT ANSWER - limpets
cone-shaped shells & wide mouths
problems with limpets - CORRECT ANSWER - Shell only covers half of the body - the
other half must hold onto the substrate to keep the body entirely protected
All later gastropods have spiraling shells
By coiling shell, snails can make mouth smaller while still being able to grow
Locomotion is limited due to the heaviness of their shell - CORRECT ANSWER -
Gastropods do not effectively overcome this constraint
Have both circular and longitudinal muscles and move peristaltically
Problem: Do not use the coelom as a hydrostatic skeleton
Instead, use the flesh of their body as a skeleton
