Davis Med-Surg – Hematopoietic & Lymphatic Disorders
(Comprehensive with Colors)
Hematopoietic and Lymphatic Disorders
The hematopoietic system produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the bone marrow.
Disorders of this system impact oxygen transport, immunity, and clotting ability.
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Cause: Chronic blood loss, poor dietary intake, pregnancy. Signs: Fatigue, pallor, glossitis, brittle or
spoon-shaped nails, pica. Labs: Low hemoglobin, hematocrit, and ferritin. Management: Oral iron
supplementation with vitamin C, dietary adjustments, treat underlying cause.
Pernicious Anemia (Vitamin B12 Deficiency)
Cause: Lack of intrinsic factor leading to poor absorption of vitamin B12. Signs: Glossitis, weakness,
paresthesia, neurological changes. Labs: Macrocytic anemia. Management: Lifelong B12 injections or
high-dose oral therapy if absorption intact.
Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia
Cause: Alcoholism, poor diet, malabsorption. Signs: Similar to B12 deficiency but without neurological
involvement. Management: Oral folic acid supplements and diet rich in leafy greens and citrus fruits.
Aplastic Anemia
Cause: Bone marrow suppression, idiopathic, drug or chemical exposure. Signs: Pancytopenia with fatigue,
frequent infections, petechiae, bleeding. Diagnosis: Bone marrow biopsy. Management:
Immunosuppressants, stem cell transplant, transfusions.
Sickle Cell Anemia
Cause: Inherited disorder with hemoglobin S that sickles under low oxygen or dehydration. Signs: Pain
crises, splenomegaly, jaundice, delayed wound healing, complications such as stroke or pulmonary
hypertension. Management: Oxygen, IV hydration, opioid analgesics, hydroxyurea, blood transfusions,
infection prevention.
Polycythemia Vera
Cause: Overproduction of RBCs. Signs: Ruddy complexion, headache, tinnitus, splenomegaly, pruritus after
warm baths, clot formation. Management: Regular phlebotomy, aspirin, hydration, avoid iron supplements.
(Comprehensive with Colors)
Hematopoietic and Lymphatic Disorders
The hematopoietic system produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the bone marrow.
Disorders of this system impact oxygen transport, immunity, and clotting ability.
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Cause: Chronic blood loss, poor dietary intake, pregnancy. Signs: Fatigue, pallor, glossitis, brittle or
spoon-shaped nails, pica. Labs: Low hemoglobin, hematocrit, and ferritin. Management: Oral iron
supplementation with vitamin C, dietary adjustments, treat underlying cause.
Pernicious Anemia (Vitamin B12 Deficiency)
Cause: Lack of intrinsic factor leading to poor absorption of vitamin B12. Signs: Glossitis, weakness,
paresthesia, neurological changes. Labs: Macrocytic anemia. Management: Lifelong B12 injections or
high-dose oral therapy if absorption intact.
Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia
Cause: Alcoholism, poor diet, malabsorption. Signs: Similar to B12 deficiency but without neurological
involvement. Management: Oral folic acid supplements and diet rich in leafy greens and citrus fruits.
Aplastic Anemia
Cause: Bone marrow suppression, idiopathic, drug or chemical exposure. Signs: Pancytopenia with fatigue,
frequent infections, petechiae, bleeding. Diagnosis: Bone marrow biopsy. Management:
Immunosuppressants, stem cell transplant, transfusions.
Sickle Cell Anemia
Cause: Inherited disorder with hemoglobin S that sickles under low oxygen or dehydration. Signs: Pain
crises, splenomegaly, jaundice, delayed wound healing, complications such as stroke or pulmonary
hypertension. Management: Oxygen, IV hydration, opioid analgesics, hydroxyurea, blood transfusions,
infection prevention.
Polycythemia Vera
Cause: Overproduction of RBCs. Signs: Ruddy complexion, headache, tinnitus, splenomegaly, pruritus after
warm baths, clot formation. Management: Regular phlebotomy, aspirin, hydration, avoid iron supplements.
