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Volledige samenvatting klinische farmacologie

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Zowel de fysieke lessen als de online modules staan hierin volledig uitgelegd, inclusief afbeeldingen. Een review achterlaten is lief:) Succes!

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Klinische farmacologie




UGent 1e master

1-1-2024

,INHOUDSOPGAVE FYSIEKE LESSEN

Perifeer zenuwstelsel ................................................................................................................................................................... 4

Organisatie.............................................................................................................................................................................. 4

Sympaticus ......................................................................................................................................................................... 4

Parasympaticus .................................................................................................................................................................. 4

Neurohumorale transmissie..................................................................................................................................................... 4

Cholinerge transmissie ............................................................................................................................................................ 5

Fysiologie............................................................................................................................................................................ 5

Farmacologische beïnvloeding ............................................................................................................................................ 5

Noradrenerge transmissie ........................................................................................................................................................ 8

Fysiologie............................................................................................................................................................................ 8

Farmacologische beïnvloeding ............................................................................................................................................ 8

Centraal zenuwstelsel .................................................................................................................................................................12

Neurotransmitters en receptoren ............................................................................................................................................12

Amines ..............................................................................................................................................................................12

Aminozuren .......................................................................................................................................................................13

Psychotrope farmaca..............................................................................................................................................................14

Psycholeptica ....................................................................................................................................................................14

Algemene anesthetica ........................................................................................................................................................16

Pijn en opioïden ..........................................................................................................................................................................19

Pijnsystemen ..........................................................................................................................................................................19

Pijngeleiding ......................................................................................................................................................................20

Opioïde analgetica..................................................................................................................................................................23

Receptoren ........................................................................................................................................................................23

Effecten .............................................................................................................................................................................23

Indicaties ...........................................................................................................................................................................24

Preparaten .........................................................................................................................................................................24

NSAIDs .......................................................................................................................................................................................26

COX-enzymes.........................................................................................................................................................................27

COX-inhibitie .....................................................................................................................................................................27

Effecten .................................................................................................................................................................................28

Toxiciteit ............................................................................................................................................................................28

Farmacokinetiek .....................................................................................................................................................................29

Absorptie ...........................................................................................................................................................................29

Distributie ..........................................................................................................................................................................29

Metabolisatie .....................................................................................................................................................................29

Excretie .............................................................................................................................................................................29

Interacties ..............................................................................................................................................................................29

Preparaten .............................................................................................................................................................................30

Paracetamol (=Acetaminophen) .........................................................................................................................................30

Niet-selectieve COX-inhibitoren..........................................................................................................................................31

Selectieve COX-2 inhibitoren ..............................................................................................................................................32

Dual COX/5-LOX-inhibitoren ...............................................................................................................................................32

Pagina 2 van 54

, Andere geneesmiddelen ter behandeling van osteoartritis ........................................................................................................33

Prostaglandine receptor antagonisten .................................................................................................................................33

Monoclonale antistoffen .....................................................................................................................................................33

Cardiovasculair...........................................................................................................................................................................34

Fysiologie ...............................................................................................................................................................................34

Hartinsufficiëntie ....................................................................................................................................................................34

MMVD................................................................................................................................................................................34

DCM ..................................................................................................................................................................................34

Positief inotrope geneesmiddelen ...........................................................................................................................................35

Digitalisglycosiden .............................................................................................................................................................35

Pimobendan ......................................................................................................................................................................35

ACE-inhibitoren (ACE-I) ...........................................................................................................................................................35

Preparaten .........................................................................................................................................................................35

Sartanen ................................................................................................................................................................................36

Anti-hypertensieve geneesmiddelen ........................................................................................................................................36

Ca-entry blokkers = Ca-antagonisten = Ca-blokker ..............................................................................................................36

ß-blokker ...........................................................................................................................................................................36

Antimicrobiële middelen (AB) ......................................................................................................................................................37

AB met vooral G+ spectrum .....................................................................................................................................................38

ß-lactam ............................................................................................................................................................................38

Macroliden.........................................................................................................................................................................41

Lincosamiden ....................................................................................................................................................................44

Bacitracine ........................................................................................................................................................................44

Pleuromutilines ..................................................................................................................................................................45

Rifamycines .......................................................................................................................................................................45

AB met vooral G- spectrum .....................................................................................................................................................46

Aminoglycosiden................................................................................................................................................................46

Aminocyclitols ...................................................................................................................................................................48

Polymyxines .......................................................................................................................................................................48

AB met breedspectrum activiteit .............................................................................................................................................49

Fenicolen ...........................................................................................................................................................................49

Tetracyclines .....................................................................................................................................................................50

Sulfonamiden ....................................................................................................................................................................51

Diaminopyrimidines ...........................................................................................................................................................52

Fluoroquinolonen ...............................................................................................................................................................53

Nitrofuranen ......................................................................................................................................................................54




Examen: geen humane weetjes, geen merknamen, wel actieve substantie


Pagina 3 van 54

, PERIFEER ZENUWSTELSEL

ORGANISATIE

Het PZS wordt onderverdeeld in het somatisch zenuwstelsel (willekeurig → dwarsgestreepte spieren) en
het autonoom/visceraal zenuwstelsel (onwillekeurig → sympaticus/parasympaticus). Daarnaast is er
het enterisch zenuwstelsel, maar dat valt buiten deze cursus, omdat hier weinig farmaca op inwerken.


SYMPATICUS
“Fight or flight”

Preganglionaire neuronen komen uit het thoracolumbaire ruggenmerg en
eindigen in de para- of postvertebrale ganglia, of innerveren het bijniermerg
rechtstreeks. Deze ganglia liggen buiten het CZS en bevatten het uiteinde van het
axon van preganglionaire neuronen en het cellichaam van postganglionaire
neuronen. Het bijniermerg kan functioneel worden beschouwd als een ganglion;
het bevat chroomaffiene cellen die NA/A kunnen vrijstellen. Postganglionaire
neuronen komen uit de ganglia en innerveren effectorcellen.

 Bloedvaten vooral sympatisch geïnnerveerd: VC/VD


PARASYMPATICUS
“Rest and digest” “Live and let live”

Preganglionaire neuronen komen uit de middenhersenen, medulla oblongata
(N. III/VI/IX/X) of craniosacraal. De belangrijkste parasympatische zenuw is
n. vagus; deze zendt efferente zenuwen naar alle thoracale en viscerale organen
van farynx tot colon. Sacrale zenuwen (nn. Splanchnici pelvici) eindigen thv de
ganglia thv colon, blaas en geslachtsorganen.

De preganglionaire neuronen eindigen op postganglionaire neuronen, waarvan
de uiteinden in/nabij de effectorcel liggen. Deze postganglionaire zenuwen zorgen
voor innervatie van het weefsel.

 Negatief chronotroop/inotroop, bronchoconstrictie, mucussecretie,
mictio tegenhouden, myosis, bolle lens

NEUROHUMORALE TRANSMISSIE

We maken onderscheid tussen een
cholinerge- en adrenerge transmissie. Bij de
cholinerge transmissie is acetylcholine de
neurotransmitter, bij de adrenerge transmissie
zijn dit noradrenaline/adrenaline.

Neurotransmitters worden vrijgesteld thv een
zenuwuiteinde en interageren met receptoren
op de geïnnerveerde cel. Activatie van de
receptor leidt tot een fysiologische respons.




Pagina 4 van 54
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