BIOD 121 (Portage): Module 3 Practice
Exam with All Correct Detailed
Answers 2025/2026 Edition.
Energy balance - Answer a state when one's energy intake is equivalent to the amount of
energy expended
Energy in equals energy out (calories consumed is burned through basic body functions +
exercise - Answer energy balance
positive energy balance - Answer occurs if more calories (energy) are consumed than
expended
examples of periods in life when you need to be in a positive energy balance state: - Answer
pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence in growth spurts
1 pound in a week is equivalent to : - Answer 500 extra calories a day
Hyperplasia - Answer an increase in the number of fat cells often occurring during periods of
growth, such as adolescence or pregnancy
Hypertrophy - Answer an increase in the size of fat cells, most often seen in periods of low
growth and maintenance, such as throughout adulthood
Negative energy balance - Answer occurs if fewer calories are consumed than calories
expended
Examples of negative energy balance situations: - Answer during illness or trauma, major burn
injury, intentional act such as dieting to meet a weight loss goal
Our sole source of energy intake is from: - Answer food and beverages
Energy can be expended naturally via _____________ , _____________, and
, Energy can be expended intentionally through _______________ - Answer physical activity
(aka exercise)
Two major components of energy expenditure are: - Answer basal metabolic rate and physical
activity
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) - Answer the number of calories used by the body while in a
fasting state and accounts for approximately 60-70% of energy expenditure
BMR varies by person based on factors such as: - Answer gender, lean body mass, body size,
temperature, age, nervous system activities, levels of caffeine intake, and tobacco use
BMR males: - Answer 1 kcal/kg/hour
BMR females: - Answer 0.9 kcal/kg/hour
As we age BMR declines by ______________% per decade so we must adjust eating habits to
prevent weight gain. - Answer 1-2 %
Thermic effect of food (TEF) - Answer the energy used for digestion and absorption of food
and accounts for approximately 10% of the calories expended.
larger meals higher in protein result in a higher ________ - Answer thermic effect of food
(TEF)
Thermogenesis - Answer the ability to regulate temperature and activities such as fidgeting,
maintaining body posture, and shivering. ( energy burned through this process is very small)
Physical activity - Answer accounts for 15-40% of our energy expenditure
Physical activity factors include: - Answer body size, fitness level, and actual activity to
determine how many calories are expended
The amount of energy used can be measured both ________________ and
Exam with All Correct Detailed
Answers 2025/2026 Edition.
Energy balance - Answer a state when one's energy intake is equivalent to the amount of
energy expended
Energy in equals energy out (calories consumed is burned through basic body functions +
exercise - Answer energy balance
positive energy balance - Answer occurs if more calories (energy) are consumed than
expended
examples of periods in life when you need to be in a positive energy balance state: - Answer
pregnancy, childhood, and adolescence in growth spurts
1 pound in a week is equivalent to : - Answer 500 extra calories a day
Hyperplasia - Answer an increase in the number of fat cells often occurring during periods of
growth, such as adolescence or pregnancy
Hypertrophy - Answer an increase in the size of fat cells, most often seen in periods of low
growth and maintenance, such as throughout adulthood
Negative energy balance - Answer occurs if fewer calories are consumed than calories
expended
Examples of negative energy balance situations: - Answer during illness or trauma, major burn
injury, intentional act such as dieting to meet a weight loss goal
Our sole source of energy intake is from: - Answer food and beverages
Energy can be expended naturally via _____________ , _____________, and
, Energy can be expended intentionally through _______________ - Answer physical activity
(aka exercise)
Two major components of energy expenditure are: - Answer basal metabolic rate and physical
activity
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) - Answer the number of calories used by the body while in a
fasting state and accounts for approximately 60-70% of energy expenditure
BMR varies by person based on factors such as: - Answer gender, lean body mass, body size,
temperature, age, nervous system activities, levels of caffeine intake, and tobacco use
BMR males: - Answer 1 kcal/kg/hour
BMR females: - Answer 0.9 kcal/kg/hour
As we age BMR declines by ______________% per decade so we must adjust eating habits to
prevent weight gain. - Answer 1-2 %
Thermic effect of food (TEF) - Answer the energy used for digestion and absorption of food
and accounts for approximately 10% of the calories expended.
larger meals higher in protein result in a higher ________ - Answer thermic effect of food
(TEF)
Thermogenesis - Answer the ability to regulate temperature and activities such as fidgeting,
maintaining body posture, and shivering. ( energy burned through this process is very small)
Physical activity - Answer accounts for 15-40% of our energy expenditure
Physical activity factors include: - Answer body size, fitness level, and actual activity to
determine how many calories are expended
The amount of energy used can be measured both ________________ and
