MICROBIOLOGY JERSEY COLLEGE TEST PAPER 2 2025/2026
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A++
✔✔Enzymes that attack the peptidoglycan layer of the bacteria and are present in
perspiration, nasal secretion, saliva and tear are: - ✔✔Lysozomes
✔✔Delayed hypersensitivity is a result of - ✔✔Cell-Mediated Immune Response
✔✔B Cells are responsible for ________ mediated immunity - ✔✔Antibody
✔✔Substances that stimulate the production of antibodies are called - ✔✔immunogens
✔✔The bodies decreased ability to fight infections is called - ✔✔immunosuppression
✔✔A set of guilds is referred to as - ✔✔Community
✔✔All of the following are free-living, nitrogen-fixing bacteria except: - ✔✔Rhizobium
✔✔Which of the following is not found in the atmosphere - ✔✔Phosphrous
✔✔Which of the following zones is present only in oceans - ✔✔Abyssal zone
✔✔Most marine microorganisms are present in the - ✔✔littoral zone
✔✔Which of the following is a Cat A agent - ✔✔Bacillus Anthraeis
✔✔Bio terrorism Category A agents include - ✔✔"the big six" smallpox, Viral
hemorrhagic fevers, anthrax (Bacillus Anthracis), plague(Yersinia pestis),
tularemia(Francisllus tularensis) , and botulism(Clostridium botulinum)
✔✔Category B agents include - ✔✔Vi-B-rio cholerae
✔✔Which of the following is the sixth most abundant element in the universe? -
✔✔Carbon
✔✔The process by which nitrate is reduced to nitrogen is called - ✔✔denitrification
✔✔eutrophication is a term associated with - ✔✔phosphorus cycle
✔✔A region of regions of the earth populated by living organisms is referred to -
✔✔biosphere
✔✔The physical location where organisms are found is called a(n) - ✔✔Habitat
,✔✔The conversion of CO2 to organic molecules is called - ✔✔Carbon Fixation
✔✔Cholera is considered a Category _______ disease - ✔✔B
✔✔Rhizobium is involved in the - ✔✔Nitrogen Cycle
✔✔Which of the following is a true statement about recombinant DNA technology - ✔✔It
involves the modification of and organism's genome
✔✔The genetic recombination process that occurs when bacteria acquire fragments of
DNA from the local environment and then express the encoded proteins is called -
✔✔Transformation
✔✔The term endonuclease refers to - ✔✔Restriction enzymes
✔✔Small loops of DNA found in the cytoplasm of bacteria are - ✔✔plasmids
✔✔All if the following are steps in the polymerase chain reaction except -
✔✔Translation
✔✔What are the steps in the polymerase chain reaction - ✔✔Denaturation
Priming
Extension
✔✔Which of the following is a vector created by the combination of viral DNA fragments
and fragments from a plasmid - ✔✔Cosmid Vector
✔✔A portion of DNA, such as a gene, that is synthesized from an RNA template is a -
✔✔Complementary DNA
✔✔Which of the following tools of genetic engineering is used to make multiple copies
of DNA - ✔✔PCR (Polymearse Chain reaction)
✔✔The recombinant protein that is used to help dissolve blood clots such as occur in
heart attacks and stroke is - ✔✔Tissue plasminogen activator
✔✔The synthetic interferon that is used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis is -
✔✔Interferon beta-1a
✔✔Recombinant DNA technology is also referred to as - ✔✔genetic engineering
✔✔Enzymes that can cleave DNA at a particular site are - ✔✔restriction enzymes
, ✔✔Enzymes that cut DNA straight across both of the double helix strands
produce______ ends - ✔✔Blunt
✔✔When a single bacterium can produce millions of identical cells, the population is
called a(n) - ✔✔clone
✔✔Synthetic proteins that can be used in the treatment of hep C are - ✔✔Interferon
✔✔Decontamination is defined as - ✔✔Reduction or removal of the unwanted chemical
or biological agents
✔✔Which of the following organisms has a higher resistance to most physical control
methods that others - ✔✔Protozoan cysts
✔✔The cleaning of glassware and tableware in restaurants falls in the category of -
✔✔sanitization
✔✔Which of the following methods is the simplest heat related method to sterilize metal
- ✔✔Direct flaming
✔✔Boiling items in water for _______ minutes will kill most vegetative bacteria and
viruses - ✔✔10-15 mins
✔✔The technique that combines freezing and drying to preserve microbes and other
cells is - ✔✔Lyophilization
✔✔Ionizing radiation involves all of the following except - ✔✔UV light
✔✔the term zone of inhibition is used in which of the following - ✔✔Disk- Diffusion test
✔✔Chlorine belongs to which of the following chemical groups - ✔✔Halogens
✔✔All of the following are methods for food preservation except - ✔✔Sterilization
✔✔What are the methods for food preservation - ✔✔Pasteurization
Pressure canning
Food irradiation
Drying
Freezing
Pickling
Curing
Fermentation
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A++
✔✔Enzymes that attack the peptidoglycan layer of the bacteria and are present in
perspiration, nasal secretion, saliva and tear are: - ✔✔Lysozomes
✔✔Delayed hypersensitivity is a result of - ✔✔Cell-Mediated Immune Response
✔✔B Cells are responsible for ________ mediated immunity - ✔✔Antibody
✔✔Substances that stimulate the production of antibodies are called - ✔✔immunogens
✔✔The bodies decreased ability to fight infections is called - ✔✔immunosuppression
✔✔A set of guilds is referred to as - ✔✔Community
✔✔All of the following are free-living, nitrogen-fixing bacteria except: - ✔✔Rhizobium
✔✔Which of the following is not found in the atmosphere - ✔✔Phosphrous
✔✔Which of the following zones is present only in oceans - ✔✔Abyssal zone
✔✔Most marine microorganisms are present in the - ✔✔littoral zone
✔✔Which of the following is a Cat A agent - ✔✔Bacillus Anthraeis
✔✔Bio terrorism Category A agents include - ✔✔"the big six" smallpox, Viral
hemorrhagic fevers, anthrax (Bacillus Anthracis), plague(Yersinia pestis),
tularemia(Francisllus tularensis) , and botulism(Clostridium botulinum)
✔✔Category B agents include - ✔✔Vi-B-rio cholerae
✔✔Which of the following is the sixth most abundant element in the universe? -
✔✔Carbon
✔✔The process by which nitrate is reduced to nitrogen is called - ✔✔denitrification
✔✔eutrophication is a term associated with - ✔✔phosphorus cycle
✔✔A region of regions of the earth populated by living organisms is referred to -
✔✔biosphere
✔✔The physical location where organisms are found is called a(n) - ✔✔Habitat
,✔✔The conversion of CO2 to organic molecules is called - ✔✔Carbon Fixation
✔✔Cholera is considered a Category _______ disease - ✔✔B
✔✔Rhizobium is involved in the - ✔✔Nitrogen Cycle
✔✔Which of the following is a true statement about recombinant DNA technology - ✔✔It
involves the modification of and organism's genome
✔✔The genetic recombination process that occurs when bacteria acquire fragments of
DNA from the local environment and then express the encoded proteins is called -
✔✔Transformation
✔✔The term endonuclease refers to - ✔✔Restriction enzymes
✔✔Small loops of DNA found in the cytoplasm of bacteria are - ✔✔plasmids
✔✔All if the following are steps in the polymerase chain reaction except -
✔✔Translation
✔✔What are the steps in the polymerase chain reaction - ✔✔Denaturation
Priming
Extension
✔✔Which of the following is a vector created by the combination of viral DNA fragments
and fragments from a plasmid - ✔✔Cosmid Vector
✔✔A portion of DNA, such as a gene, that is synthesized from an RNA template is a -
✔✔Complementary DNA
✔✔Which of the following tools of genetic engineering is used to make multiple copies
of DNA - ✔✔PCR (Polymearse Chain reaction)
✔✔The recombinant protein that is used to help dissolve blood clots such as occur in
heart attacks and stroke is - ✔✔Tissue plasminogen activator
✔✔The synthetic interferon that is used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis is -
✔✔Interferon beta-1a
✔✔Recombinant DNA technology is also referred to as - ✔✔genetic engineering
✔✔Enzymes that can cleave DNA at a particular site are - ✔✔restriction enzymes
, ✔✔Enzymes that cut DNA straight across both of the double helix strands
produce______ ends - ✔✔Blunt
✔✔When a single bacterium can produce millions of identical cells, the population is
called a(n) - ✔✔clone
✔✔Synthetic proteins that can be used in the treatment of hep C are - ✔✔Interferon
✔✔Decontamination is defined as - ✔✔Reduction or removal of the unwanted chemical
or biological agents
✔✔Which of the following organisms has a higher resistance to most physical control
methods that others - ✔✔Protozoan cysts
✔✔The cleaning of glassware and tableware in restaurants falls in the category of -
✔✔sanitization
✔✔Which of the following methods is the simplest heat related method to sterilize metal
- ✔✔Direct flaming
✔✔Boiling items in water for _______ minutes will kill most vegetative bacteria and
viruses - ✔✔10-15 mins
✔✔The technique that combines freezing and drying to preserve microbes and other
cells is - ✔✔Lyophilization
✔✔Ionizing radiation involves all of the following except - ✔✔UV light
✔✔the term zone of inhibition is used in which of the following - ✔✔Disk- Diffusion test
✔✔Chlorine belongs to which of the following chemical groups - ✔✔Halogens
✔✔All of the following are methods for food preservation except - ✔✔Sterilization
✔✔What are the methods for food preservation - ✔✔Pasteurization
Pressure canning
Food irradiation
Drying
Freezing
Pickling
Curing
Fermentation
