MICROBIOLOGY JERSEY COLLEGE EXAM EVALUATION
2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A++
(
✔✔(ch.2) These fats have one or more double bonds in the fatty acid chain. -
✔✔Unsaturated
✔✔(ch.2) In complimentary base pairing in DNA replication, adenine is paired with -
✔✔Thymine
✔✔(ch.2) In complimentary base pairing in DNA replication, cytosine is paired with -
✔✔Guanine
✔✔(ch.2) Complementary base pairing involving RNA, adenine is paired
with____________ in place of ______________ - ✔✔Uracil, Thymine
✔✔(ch.3)_________________ is not found in all bacterial cells. - ✔✔Plasma membrane
✔✔(ch.3) Bacterial capsules are important in: - ✔✔Survival
✔✔(ch.3) The cell organelles responsible for the packaging of proteins are the: -
✔✔Golgi Complexes
✔✔(ch.3) The cell organelle found only in algae and plant cells and is necessary for
photosynthesis is the: - ✔✔Chloroplasts
✔✔(ch.3) The intracellular fluid has a high concentration of: - ✔✔Potassium
✔✔(ch.3) ________________________ is an active transport mechanism. -
✔✔Pinocytosis
✔✔(ch.3) _____________________ is an enzyme. - ✔✔Ligase
✔✔(ch.3) The compound that enters the Krebs cycle and combines with oxaloacetic
acid is: - ✔✔Acetyl-CoA
✔✔(ch.3) The anticodons are located in: - ✔✔tRNA
✔✔(ch.3) In which phase of mitosis do the chromatids separate? - ✔✔Anaphase
✔✔(ch.3) Cells without a nucleus are: - ✔✔Prokaryotic
✔✔(ch.3) The sterol-like molecules in bacterial plasma membranes are: - ✔✔Hopanoids
,✔✔(ch.3) A cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes is a - ✔✔Lysosome
✔✔(ch.3) The allosteric site is present in: - ✔✔Enzymes
✔✔(ch.3) Prokaryotic cells have _________ ribosomes. - ✔✔70s
✔✔(ch.3) Eukaryotic cells have _________ ribosomes. - ✔✔80s
✔✔(ch.3) Thick peptidoglycan layer external to the plasma membrane and contains
polysaccharides such as teichoic and lipoteichoic acid. The periplasmic space is
minimal. - ✔✔Gram-positive Bacterial Cell
✔✔(ch.3) Thin peptidoglyucan layer with an outer membrane covering anchored to the
lipoproteins of the peptidoglycan layer. The outer layer also has lipopolysaccharides
and the periplasmic space is relatively large (up to 40% of total cell volume). - ✔✔Gram-
negative Bacterial cell
✔✔(ch.3) It can be regulated or influenced by temperature, pH, substrate concentration,
enzyme concentration, product concentration, cofactors, and coenzymes. - ✔✔Enzyme
Activity
✔✔(ch.3) What are the three pathways required for aerobic cellular respiration? -
✔✔Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
✔✔(ch.3) The breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid. - ✔✔Glycolysis
✔✔(ch.3) A series of reactions starting with the combination of acetyl-CoA with
oxalaoacetic acid to form citric acid and then back to oxaloacetic acid producing
molecules of ATP, release of Co2, reduction of three molecules of NAD, and reduction
of one molecule of FAD. - ✔✔Krebs Cycle
✔✔(ch.3) What is PMAT? - ✔✔Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
✔✔(ch.21) The branch of pharmacology that addresses drug amounts of various sites in
the body after drug administration is called: - ✔✔Pharmacokinetics
✔✔(ch.21) The generic name of a drug refers to its: - ✔✔Nonproprietary Name
✔✔(ch.21) For a drug to have an almost immediate systemic effect it is usually applied:
- ✔✔By inhalation or rectally
,✔✔(ch.21) The decrease in blood clotting by heparin occurs at what general site of
action? - ✔✔Extracellular
✔✔(ch.21) Which of the following is a phase I reaction in biotransformation? -
✔✔Oxidation
✔✔(ch.21) ___________________ cannot be used to achieve urine formation and drug
clearance. - ✔✔Tubular Filtration
✔✔(ch.21) ______________________, __________________________, and
_____________________________, can be used to achieve urine formation and drug
clearance. - ✔✔Glomerular Filtration, Tubular Secretion, Tubular absorption
✔✔(ch.21) ________________________________________ is used in the
determination of a drug dose response. - ✔✔Normal Frequency Distribution
✔✔(ch.21) When the drug receptors are maximally activated, this is referred to as the: -
✔✔Peak Effect
✔✔(ch.21) A subacute toxic effect occurs when the adverse drug effect occurs: -
✔✔After Repeat Exposure for days
✔✔(ch.21) The specific antidote to botulinum toxin is: - ✔✔Antitoxin
✔✔(ch.21) The body's metabolism of drugs is called: - ✔✔Biotransformation
✔✔(ch.21) The study of the body's response to poisons and their harmful effect is
referred to as: - ✔✔Toxicology
✔✔(ch.21) Drug administration, absorption, distribution, and clearance are collectively
called: - ✔✔Pharmacokinetics
✔✔(ch.21) The ED 50 is a measure of the: - ✔✔Dose response
✔✔(ch.21) The federal agency that approves the use of a specific drug is the: - ✔✔FDA
✔✔(ch.21) A branch of pharmacy that addresses drug0induc ed responses of the
biochemical and physiological systems of the body in health, during disease and
maladies. - ✔✔Pharmacodynamics
✔✔(ch.21) A branch of pharmacy that addresses drug amounts at various sites in the
body after their administration. - ✔✔Pharmacotherapies
, ✔✔(ch.21) The study of the body's response to poisons; their harmful effects,
mechanisms of action, symptoms, treatment, and identification. - ✔✔Toxicology
✔✔(ch.21) A branch of pharmacology that includes preparation, compounding,
dispensing, and record keeping of therapeutic drugs. - ✔✔Pharmacy
✔✔(ch.21) The response of a medication that includes magnitude of response after a
single dose. - ✔✔Dose Response
✔✔(ch.21) What does time response measure? - ✔✔Time of drug administration, onset
of time response, cessation of drug effect, peak effect time, during of action time,
latency to effect time, and threshold level.
✔✔(ch.21) A variable that influences drug response; biotransformation of a drug in the
liver or GI tract subsequent to oral administration and before entering the general
circulation. - ✔✔First Pass effect
✔✔(ch.21) A variable that influences drug response that include molecular weight, ionic
change, and solubility. - ✔✔Chemical properties of drugs
✔✔(ch.21) A variable that influences drug response typically due to depletion of
detoxifying enzymes. - ✔✔Toxic Effect
✔✔(ch.21) A variable that influences drug response due to inability to metabolize or
excrete drugs. - ✔✔Liver/kidney diseases
✔✔(ch.21) A variable that influences drug response due to decreased ability to
conjugate with glycine. - ✔✔Starvation
✔✔(ch.21) A variable that influences drug response by that fact that it neonates who
may fail to metabolize drugs. - ✔✔Genetics , AGE
✔✔(ch.21) A variable that influences drug response due to increased sensitivity to
barbiturates in young males. - ✔✔Gender
✔✔(ch.21) A variable that influences drug response in experimental animals may not be
the same as responses in humans is called: - ✔✔Special Variability
✔✔(ch.21) A variable that influences drug response by metabolism being affected by
specific metabolic body cycles. - ✔✔Circadian rhythms
2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A++
(
✔✔(ch.2) These fats have one or more double bonds in the fatty acid chain. -
✔✔Unsaturated
✔✔(ch.2) In complimentary base pairing in DNA replication, adenine is paired with -
✔✔Thymine
✔✔(ch.2) In complimentary base pairing in DNA replication, cytosine is paired with -
✔✔Guanine
✔✔(ch.2) Complementary base pairing involving RNA, adenine is paired
with____________ in place of ______________ - ✔✔Uracil, Thymine
✔✔(ch.3)_________________ is not found in all bacterial cells. - ✔✔Plasma membrane
✔✔(ch.3) Bacterial capsules are important in: - ✔✔Survival
✔✔(ch.3) The cell organelles responsible for the packaging of proteins are the: -
✔✔Golgi Complexes
✔✔(ch.3) The cell organelle found only in algae and plant cells and is necessary for
photosynthesis is the: - ✔✔Chloroplasts
✔✔(ch.3) The intracellular fluid has a high concentration of: - ✔✔Potassium
✔✔(ch.3) ________________________ is an active transport mechanism. -
✔✔Pinocytosis
✔✔(ch.3) _____________________ is an enzyme. - ✔✔Ligase
✔✔(ch.3) The compound that enters the Krebs cycle and combines with oxaloacetic
acid is: - ✔✔Acetyl-CoA
✔✔(ch.3) The anticodons are located in: - ✔✔tRNA
✔✔(ch.3) In which phase of mitosis do the chromatids separate? - ✔✔Anaphase
✔✔(ch.3) Cells without a nucleus are: - ✔✔Prokaryotic
✔✔(ch.3) The sterol-like molecules in bacterial plasma membranes are: - ✔✔Hopanoids
,✔✔(ch.3) A cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes is a - ✔✔Lysosome
✔✔(ch.3) The allosteric site is present in: - ✔✔Enzymes
✔✔(ch.3) Prokaryotic cells have _________ ribosomes. - ✔✔70s
✔✔(ch.3) Eukaryotic cells have _________ ribosomes. - ✔✔80s
✔✔(ch.3) Thick peptidoglycan layer external to the plasma membrane and contains
polysaccharides such as teichoic and lipoteichoic acid. The periplasmic space is
minimal. - ✔✔Gram-positive Bacterial Cell
✔✔(ch.3) Thin peptidoglyucan layer with an outer membrane covering anchored to the
lipoproteins of the peptidoglycan layer. The outer layer also has lipopolysaccharides
and the periplasmic space is relatively large (up to 40% of total cell volume). - ✔✔Gram-
negative Bacterial cell
✔✔(ch.3) It can be regulated or influenced by temperature, pH, substrate concentration,
enzyme concentration, product concentration, cofactors, and coenzymes. - ✔✔Enzyme
Activity
✔✔(ch.3) What are the three pathways required for aerobic cellular respiration? -
✔✔Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain
✔✔(ch.3) The breakdown of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid. - ✔✔Glycolysis
✔✔(ch.3) A series of reactions starting with the combination of acetyl-CoA with
oxalaoacetic acid to form citric acid and then back to oxaloacetic acid producing
molecules of ATP, release of Co2, reduction of three molecules of NAD, and reduction
of one molecule of FAD. - ✔✔Krebs Cycle
✔✔(ch.3) What is PMAT? - ✔✔Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
✔✔(ch.21) The branch of pharmacology that addresses drug amounts of various sites in
the body after drug administration is called: - ✔✔Pharmacokinetics
✔✔(ch.21) The generic name of a drug refers to its: - ✔✔Nonproprietary Name
✔✔(ch.21) For a drug to have an almost immediate systemic effect it is usually applied:
- ✔✔By inhalation or rectally
,✔✔(ch.21) The decrease in blood clotting by heparin occurs at what general site of
action? - ✔✔Extracellular
✔✔(ch.21) Which of the following is a phase I reaction in biotransformation? -
✔✔Oxidation
✔✔(ch.21) ___________________ cannot be used to achieve urine formation and drug
clearance. - ✔✔Tubular Filtration
✔✔(ch.21) ______________________, __________________________, and
_____________________________, can be used to achieve urine formation and drug
clearance. - ✔✔Glomerular Filtration, Tubular Secretion, Tubular absorption
✔✔(ch.21) ________________________________________ is used in the
determination of a drug dose response. - ✔✔Normal Frequency Distribution
✔✔(ch.21) When the drug receptors are maximally activated, this is referred to as the: -
✔✔Peak Effect
✔✔(ch.21) A subacute toxic effect occurs when the adverse drug effect occurs: -
✔✔After Repeat Exposure for days
✔✔(ch.21) The specific antidote to botulinum toxin is: - ✔✔Antitoxin
✔✔(ch.21) The body's metabolism of drugs is called: - ✔✔Biotransformation
✔✔(ch.21) The study of the body's response to poisons and their harmful effect is
referred to as: - ✔✔Toxicology
✔✔(ch.21) Drug administration, absorption, distribution, and clearance are collectively
called: - ✔✔Pharmacokinetics
✔✔(ch.21) The ED 50 is a measure of the: - ✔✔Dose response
✔✔(ch.21) The federal agency that approves the use of a specific drug is the: - ✔✔FDA
✔✔(ch.21) A branch of pharmacy that addresses drug0induc ed responses of the
biochemical and physiological systems of the body in health, during disease and
maladies. - ✔✔Pharmacodynamics
✔✔(ch.21) A branch of pharmacy that addresses drug amounts at various sites in the
body after their administration. - ✔✔Pharmacotherapies
, ✔✔(ch.21) The study of the body's response to poisons; their harmful effects,
mechanisms of action, symptoms, treatment, and identification. - ✔✔Toxicology
✔✔(ch.21) A branch of pharmacology that includes preparation, compounding,
dispensing, and record keeping of therapeutic drugs. - ✔✔Pharmacy
✔✔(ch.21) The response of a medication that includes magnitude of response after a
single dose. - ✔✔Dose Response
✔✔(ch.21) What does time response measure? - ✔✔Time of drug administration, onset
of time response, cessation of drug effect, peak effect time, during of action time,
latency to effect time, and threshold level.
✔✔(ch.21) A variable that influences drug response; biotransformation of a drug in the
liver or GI tract subsequent to oral administration and before entering the general
circulation. - ✔✔First Pass effect
✔✔(ch.21) A variable that influences drug response that include molecular weight, ionic
change, and solubility. - ✔✔Chemical properties of drugs
✔✔(ch.21) A variable that influences drug response typically due to depletion of
detoxifying enzymes. - ✔✔Toxic Effect
✔✔(ch.21) A variable that influences drug response due to inability to metabolize or
excrete drugs. - ✔✔Liver/kidney diseases
✔✔(ch.21) A variable that influences drug response due to decreased ability to
conjugate with glycine. - ✔✔Starvation
✔✔(ch.21) A variable that influences drug response by that fact that it neonates who
may fail to metabolize drugs. - ✔✔Genetics , AGE
✔✔(ch.21) A variable that influences drug response due to increased sensitivity to
barbiturates in young males. - ✔✔Gender
✔✔(ch.21) A variable that influences drug response in experimental animals may not be
the same as responses in humans is called: - ✔✔Special Variability
✔✔(ch.21) A variable that influences drug response by metabolism being affected by
specific metabolic body cycles. - ✔✔Circadian rhythms
