NUTR 3314 Exam 3 Questions and Answers Already Passed Latest Update 2025-2026
Vitamins are needed in ______ amounts to support growth and maintenance. - Answers Small
Bioavailability refers to the degree to which a nutrient can be - Answers Digested and absorbed
The ______-soluble vitamins are more readily stored in the body than ______-soluble vitamins. -
Answers Fat; Water
The vitamin content of fresh fruits and vegetables - Answers Can be lost through improper
storage
Zoochemicals - Answers health-promoting substances found in animal foods
Phytochemicals - Answers health promoting substances found in plants
vitamin - Answers an organic compound needed in small amounts in the diet to help regulate
and support chemical reactions and processes in the body.
The carotenoids that can be converted into vitamin A in the body. - Answers beta-cryptoxanthin
beta-carotene
alpha-carotene
The degree to which an ingested nutrient such as minerals is absorbed and available to the
body is called its - Answers bioavailability
The body is able to absorb which type of vitamins? - Answers Fat-soluble vitamins
Which vitamin is known as the "anti-infection" vitamin because it maintains the health of the
epithelial cells, which provide a barrier against invading microorganisms? - Answers Vitamin A
Exposure to ___________ can cause a loss of certain vitamins - Answers Light
Heat
Oxygen
What are the 3 main problems associated with vitamin A deficiency? - Answers Weakened
immune system
impaired vision
stunted growth
Alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin are three ______ that can be converted to
,retinol, the active form of vitamin A. - Answers Carotenoids
Dark green and yellow-orange vegetables are sources of ______. - Answers Carotenoids
Vitamin A maintains the health of the ______ cells, which line the surfaces of the lungs,
intestines, stomach, vagina, urinary tract, and bladder. - Answers Epithelial
The primary consequence of hypercarotenemia is - Answers Yellowing of the skin
Which of the following are true about vitamin A deficiencies? - Answers 1. Vitamin A deficiency
is a major health problem in other parts of the world.
2. Americans are at low risk for a vitamin A deficiency.
3. Problems include impaired vision, weakened immune function, and stunted growth.
Of the three carotenoids that can be converted to retinol in the body, ______ is the only one that
can be sufficiently absorbed and converted into retinol in the body. - Answers beta-carotene
Sources of provitamin A carotenoids include - Answers - Broccoli
- Sweet potatoes
- Carrots
A compound manufactured by one organ that has a physiological effect on another organ or
tissue is called a(n): - Answers Hormone
Active vitamin D enhances the absorption of calcium and ______. - Answers Phosphorus
What is the UL for carotenoids? - Answers There is no UL for carotenoids.
Achieving optimal vitamin D status is ______ consuming adequate calcium when it comes to
bone health. - Answers Just as important as
Vitamin D is unique in that it has a site of synthesis that is different from the location of action,
so it is considered to be a - Answers Hormone
Arrange the following foods in order from highest (at the top) to lowest (at the bottom) vitamin
D content. - Answers 1. Baked salmon 3 oz
2. Fortified whole milk 1 cup
3. Hard-boiled egg 1 ea
4. Fortified butter 1 tbs
When habitual intake of vitamin D exceeds the UL, health risks include - Answers 1. calcium
deposits in organs.
, 2. gastrointestinal disorders.
The names of the four tocotrienols are called what? - Answers 1. Alpha
2. Beta
3. Delta
4. Gamma
Why could a person with adequate calcium intake but a deficiency of vitamin D be at risk of
bone fractures? - Answers Vitamin D is necessary for calcium absorption
The fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin responsible for protecting cell membranes by helping to stop
damage by free radicals is - Answers Vitamin E
Food sources for obtaining vitamin D include - Answers Salmon
Fortified milk
Groups who are at high risk of a vitamin E deficiency include - Answers preterm infants
smokers
Vitamin D toxicity is most likely to result from - Answers Overuse of the supplemental vitamin D
The chemical name for the 4 forms of vitamin E is - Answers Tocopherols
What food source is naturally higher in vitamin E? - Answers Plant
Vitamin E can donate electrons or hydrogen to free radicals found in cell membranes, making
cell membranes more ______. - Answers Stable
What is the interaction between vitamin E and vitamin K? - Answers Excessive levels of vitamin
E will reduce the clotting ability of vitamin K.
Vitamin E is found naturally in many ______. - Answers Plant oils
Vitamin K and calcium work together to prevent ______. - Answers Blood loss
What is the opposite of hemostasis? - Answers Hemorrhage
Which vitamin is given as an injection to infants at birth due to the inability of the bacteria in the
intestines to produce enough? - Answers Vitamin K
A vitamin K deficiency is ______. - Answers Rare
Which of the following MyPlate food groups provides the most vitamin K? - Answers Vegetables
Vitamins are needed in ______ amounts to support growth and maintenance. - Answers Small
Bioavailability refers to the degree to which a nutrient can be - Answers Digested and absorbed
The ______-soluble vitamins are more readily stored in the body than ______-soluble vitamins. -
Answers Fat; Water
The vitamin content of fresh fruits and vegetables - Answers Can be lost through improper
storage
Zoochemicals - Answers health-promoting substances found in animal foods
Phytochemicals - Answers health promoting substances found in plants
vitamin - Answers an organic compound needed in small amounts in the diet to help regulate
and support chemical reactions and processes in the body.
The carotenoids that can be converted into vitamin A in the body. - Answers beta-cryptoxanthin
beta-carotene
alpha-carotene
The degree to which an ingested nutrient such as minerals is absorbed and available to the
body is called its - Answers bioavailability
The body is able to absorb which type of vitamins? - Answers Fat-soluble vitamins
Which vitamin is known as the "anti-infection" vitamin because it maintains the health of the
epithelial cells, which provide a barrier against invading microorganisms? - Answers Vitamin A
Exposure to ___________ can cause a loss of certain vitamins - Answers Light
Heat
Oxygen
What are the 3 main problems associated with vitamin A deficiency? - Answers Weakened
immune system
impaired vision
stunted growth
Alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin are three ______ that can be converted to
,retinol, the active form of vitamin A. - Answers Carotenoids
Dark green and yellow-orange vegetables are sources of ______. - Answers Carotenoids
Vitamin A maintains the health of the ______ cells, which line the surfaces of the lungs,
intestines, stomach, vagina, urinary tract, and bladder. - Answers Epithelial
The primary consequence of hypercarotenemia is - Answers Yellowing of the skin
Which of the following are true about vitamin A deficiencies? - Answers 1. Vitamin A deficiency
is a major health problem in other parts of the world.
2. Americans are at low risk for a vitamin A deficiency.
3. Problems include impaired vision, weakened immune function, and stunted growth.
Of the three carotenoids that can be converted to retinol in the body, ______ is the only one that
can be sufficiently absorbed and converted into retinol in the body. - Answers beta-carotene
Sources of provitamin A carotenoids include - Answers - Broccoli
- Sweet potatoes
- Carrots
A compound manufactured by one organ that has a physiological effect on another organ or
tissue is called a(n): - Answers Hormone
Active vitamin D enhances the absorption of calcium and ______. - Answers Phosphorus
What is the UL for carotenoids? - Answers There is no UL for carotenoids.
Achieving optimal vitamin D status is ______ consuming adequate calcium when it comes to
bone health. - Answers Just as important as
Vitamin D is unique in that it has a site of synthesis that is different from the location of action,
so it is considered to be a - Answers Hormone
Arrange the following foods in order from highest (at the top) to lowest (at the bottom) vitamin
D content. - Answers 1. Baked salmon 3 oz
2. Fortified whole milk 1 cup
3. Hard-boiled egg 1 ea
4. Fortified butter 1 tbs
When habitual intake of vitamin D exceeds the UL, health risks include - Answers 1. calcium
deposits in organs.
, 2. gastrointestinal disorders.
The names of the four tocotrienols are called what? - Answers 1. Alpha
2. Beta
3. Delta
4. Gamma
Why could a person with adequate calcium intake but a deficiency of vitamin D be at risk of
bone fractures? - Answers Vitamin D is necessary for calcium absorption
The fat-soluble antioxidant vitamin responsible for protecting cell membranes by helping to stop
damage by free radicals is - Answers Vitamin E
Food sources for obtaining vitamin D include - Answers Salmon
Fortified milk
Groups who are at high risk of a vitamin E deficiency include - Answers preterm infants
smokers
Vitamin D toxicity is most likely to result from - Answers Overuse of the supplemental vitamin D
The chemical name for the 4 forms of vitamin E is - Answers Tocopherols
What food source is naturally higher in vitamin E? - Answers Plant
Vitamin E can donate electrons or hydrogen to free radicals found in cell membranes, making
cell membranes more ______. - Answers Stable
What is the interaction between vitamin E and vitamin K? - Answers Excessive levels of vitamin
E will reduce the clotting ability of vitamin K.
Vitamin E is found naturally in many ______. - Answers Plant oils
Vitamin K and calcium work together to prevent ______. - Answers Blood loss
What is the opposite of hemostasis? - Answers Hemorrhage
Which vitamin is given as an injection to infants at birth due to the inability of the bacteria in the
intestines to produce enough? - Answers Vitamin K
A vitamin K deficiency is ______. - Answers Rare
Which of the following MyPlate food groups provides the most vitamin K? - Answers Vegetables
