lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
NSG 5140 Midterm and Final Exam Review Adv
Pathophysiology South College NSG 5140 Advanced
Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Answers | 100% Pass
Guaranteed | Graded A+ |
This content is designed to reflect graduate-level material and exam standards.
1. What is the primary mechanism of cellular injury in hypoxia?
• Oxidative stress
• ATP depletion
• DNA fragmentation
• Inflammatory cytokine release
ATP depletion impairs the sodium-potassium pump, leading to cellular
swelling and dysfunction.
2. Which organ is most susceptible to ischemia?
• Liver
• Brain
• Skin
• Pancreas
The brain has a high metabolic demand and limited capacity for anaerobic
metabolism.
.
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
3. A patient with chronic hypertension experiences left ventricular hypertrophy.
This is an example of:
• Hyperplasia
• Hypertrophy
• Metaplasia
• Atrophy
Hypertrophy refers to an increase in cell size due to increased workload,
commonly seen in cardiac muscle.
4. Which of the following best describes apoptosis?
• Programmed cell death
• Accidental necrosis
• Chronic inflammation
• Cell lysis due to trauma
Apoptosis is an organized, energy-dependent process of cellular
selfdestruction.
5. What is the primary role of cytokines in inflammation?
• Kill bacteria
• Promote fibrosis
• Regulate immune response
• Activate platelets
.
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
Cytokines coordinate the inflammatory response by modulating the
activity of immune cells.
6. Which immune cell is first to arrive during acute inflammation?
• Macrophages
• Neutrophils
• B lymphocytes
• Eosinophils
Neutrophils are the first responders to infection and injury during acute
inflammation.
7. What type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgE and mast cells?
• Type II
• Type III
• Type IV
• Type I
Type I hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE antibodies bound to mast cells,
causing histamine release.
8. Which cytokine is primarily responsible for fever?
• IL-10
• TNF-alpha
• IL-1
• IL-4
.
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
IL-1 acts on the hypothalamus to increase the body's set point
temperature.
9. A granuloma is typically formed in response to:
.
NSG 5140 Midterm and Final Exam Review Adv
Pathophysiology South College NSG 5140 Advanced
Pathophysiology Exam Questions and Answers | 100% Pass
Guaranteed | Graded A+ |
This content is designed to reflect graduate-level material and exam standards.
1. What is the primary mechanism of cellular injury in hypoxia?
• Oxidative stress
• ATP depletion
• DNA fragmentation
• Inflammatory cytokine release
ATP depletion impairs the sodium-potassium pump, leading to cellular
swelling and dysfunction.
2. Which organ is most susceptible to ischemia?
• Liver
• Brain
• Skin
• Pancreas
The brain has a high metabolic demand and limited capacity for anaerobic
metabolism.
.
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
3. A patient with chronic hypertension experiences left ventricular hypertrophy.
This is an example of:
• Hyperplasia
• Hypertrophy
• Metaplasia
• Atrophy
Hypertrophy refers to an increase in cell size due to increased workload,
commonly seen in cardiac muscle.
4. Which of the following best describes apoptosis?
• Programmed cell death
• Accidental necrosis
• Chronic inflammation
• Cell lysis due to trauma
Apoptosis is an organized, energy-dependent process of cellular
selfdestruction.
5. What is the primary role of cytokines in inflammation?
• Kill bacteria
• Promote fibrosis
• Regulate immune response
• Activate platelets
.
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
Cytokines coordinate the inflammatory response by modulating the
activity of immune cells.
6. Which immune cell is first to arrive during acute inflammation?
• Macrophages
• Neutrophils
• B lymphocytes
• Eosinophils
Neutrophils are the first responders to infection and injury during acute
inflammation.
7. What type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgE and mast cells?
• Type II
• Type III
• Type IV
• Type I
Type I hypersensitivity is mediated by IgE antibodies bound to mast cells,
causing histamine release.
8. Which cytokine is primarily responsible for fever?
• IL-10
• TNF-alpha
• IL-1
• IL-4
.
, lOMoAR cPSD| 47061011
IL-1 acts on the hypothalamus to increase the body's set point
temperature.
9. A granuloma is typically formed in response to:
.
