PRM 380 Weeks 1-3 Exam Questions and Answers Fully Solved Latest Version 2025-2026
From a biblical point of view, what is the difference between paradise and wilderness. - Answers
Paradise is a cultivated garden where god is, supplying everything man could wan; and
wilderness is godless, forsaken, and you can't get lemonade or even water
In the bible, wilderness is portrayed as what? - Answers Desert and wasteland
According to our text, any place that a person feels striped of guidance, lost, and perplexed may
be called what? - Answers Wilderness
What is the etymology (roots) of the English word "Wilderness" - Answers Place of wild beasts
A central thesis in Wendell Berry's reading, "Religion and the Environment." was: - Answers
Christians have a duty (to god) to be responsible for nature (i.e. stewardship)
Early settlers views of beautiful nature were of cultivated and pastoral lands. T/F - Answers True
Which of the following did NOT contribute to early people's hatred and fear of wilderness? -
Answers Non-western religions
What are examples of reification? - Answers Good Health, Patriotism, Wilderness
In the biblical understanding, what was a symbol of god? The lack of this was also associated
as forbidding or cursed. - Answers Water
Who is the guy in the Judeo-Christian tradition who took a biocentric view of nature, calling
animals brothers? Sometimes he is considered a patron saint for ecologists. - Answers St
Francis of Assissi
What phrase defined the westward expansion where wilderness was the villain and the pioneer
the hero that relished wilderness destruction. - Answers Morality play
According to Chief Luther Standing Bear, wilderness was what? - Answers Tame but became
wilderness when the white man arrived.
The Indian point of view is in reference to the love a person has toward animals and nature. T/F
- Answers True
White European colonists viewed a good Indian as having what? - Answers An appearance as
friendly courteous and hospitable, Great Stamina, Handsome
Which of the following is not a social constriction of Indians as ascribed by white European
colonists? - Answers Indians were valued for their many cultures.
Pioneers feared that too much wilderness would cause them to become? - Answers Less
Civilized
,What is the Lakota unifying spirit, maker of all things earth, sky and water? Also known as the
Big Holy. - Answers Wakan Tanka
According to Black Elk, what is the meaning of the Hoop? - Answers It represents an unbroken
circle which signifies the power of the world and how it works.
In the eyes of whites, an Indian that exhibited nakedness, vanity, sexual promiscuity, and was at
constant warfare, were considered what kind of Indian? - Answers Bad Indian
According to chief Luther Standing Bear, what are the differences between how white children
and Indian children are raised? - Answers 1. White children have ugly mannerisms where Indian
children have respect.
2. White children spend time worrying about aimless fassion and engage in foolish manner
where Indian children understand life is more than human manifestations and are alert to their
surroundings.
3. White children are reared in civilization where Indian children are reared in nature.
According to Chief Luther Standing bear, the Lakota viewed animals in what way? - Answers
Lakota had a biocentric view of animals where all animals had rights and were only killed for
needed food and clothing.
Christopher Columbus used the term Los Indios in error when referring to native peoples of
America because he thought he had landed in the east indies or islands near Japan. He used
this term which was a general term for people in that region. T/F - Answers True
Why did the term Indian persist as a general term for Native Americans even though they
consisted of many diverse cultures? - Answers 1. Europeans conceived of Indians in terms of
their deficiencies according to the white man's ideals
2. Europeans used moral evaluations of Native Americans as their descriptions.
3. One tribe's society and culture was generalized to all Native Americans
By the end of the 19th century, romantic appreciation for wilderness: - Answers Had produced a
feeling of ambivalence in many Americans about wilderness - people liked it, but were still a
little afraid of it.
According to Nash, literary essays in the early nineteenth century suggest a certain human
quality that was needed in order to have the capacity of enjoying the wild environment. What
was this human quality? - Answers Gentleman of refinement and good breeding
What phrase signifies America's desire of cultural independence yet still viewing Europe as the
mecca of all that was tasteful, refined, and creative? - Answers Provincial dilemma
Early paintings of nature depicted scenes of cultivated nature such as fields, olive groves,
, orchards, and dry-laid stone walls. What word best describes such scenes? - Answers The
Beautiful
According to Runte, what was the driving impetus behind the 1864 Yosemite Act? - Answers
Monumentalism
Where did wilderness appreciation first begin? - Answers The Cities
Thomas cole broke with tradition and ultimately inspired the Hudson River School style by
omitting or reducing the size of what in his wilderness paintings? - Answers Humans
Aside from wilderness, which of the following really made America special, and contributed to
the development of a national identity? - Answers The Frontier
Human beings happiness and well being decrease in direct proportion to his degree of
civilization. In other words the more civilized you are, the more unhappy you are. This idea is
characterized by Nash as: - Answers Primitivism
what was significant about how James Fenimore Cooper portrayed wilderness in his writings
such as The Pioneers? - Answers Wilderness was a source of moral influence, beauty, and
exciting adventure.
Runte argues that initially, the national parks emerged as scenic monuments that met the needs
of a young nation suffering from: - Answers Cultural Insecurity
Transcendentalism beliefs were contrary to Calvinists beliefs in what way? - Answers Calvinists
believed people were innately sinful while transcendentalists believed that everyone had a basic
goodness.
What is the significance in this class of Rome and the Wolf? - Answers Romulus and Remus, the
founders of Rome, were nursed by a wolf, and that primitive strength contributed to Rome's
longevity and vitality
What caused the Great Dust Bowl of the 1930's? - Answers 1. Plowing of the soil that was
anchored by grass
2. Regular drought cycles
3. Ignorance to the laws of self-renewal of the great plains
4. Increased settlement and farming of the Great Plains
What was the most numerous wildlife species on the continent that was harvested to extinction?
- Answers The Passenger pigeon
The idea that the American wilderness and frontier were vast or infinite, and would never run out
is referred to as: - Answers The myth of superabundance
From a biblical point of view, what is the difference between paradise and wilderness. - Answers
Paradise is a cultivated garden where god is, supplying everything man could wan; and
wilderness is godless, forsaken, and you can't get lemonade or even water
In the bible, wilderness is portrayed as what? - Answers Desert and wasteland
According to our text, any place that a person feels striped of guidance, lost, and perplexed may
be called what? - Answers Wilderness
What is the etymology (roots) of the English word "Wilderness" - Answers Place of wild beasts
A central thesis in Wendell Berry's reading, "Religion and the Environment." was: - Answers
Christians have a duty (to god) to be responsible for nature (i.e. stewardship)
Early settlers views of beautiful nature were of cultivated and pastoral lands. T/F - Answers True
Which of the following did NOT contribute to early people's hatred and fear of wilderness? -
Answers Non-western religions
What are examples of reification? - Answers Good Health, Patriotism, Wilderness
In the biblical understanding, what was a symbol of god? The lack of this was also associated
as forbidding or cursed. - Answers Water
Who is the guy in the Judeo-Christian tradition who took a biocentric view of nature, calling
animals brothers? Sometimes he is considered a patron saint for ecologists. - Answers St
Francis of Assissi
What phrase defined the westward expansion where wilderness was the villain and the pioneer
the hero that relished wilderness destruction. - Answers Morality play
According to Chief Luther Standing Bear, wilderness was what? - Answers Tame but became
wilderness when the white man arrived.
The Indian point of view is in reference to the love a person has toward animals and nature. T/F
- Answers True
White European colonists viewed a good Indian as having what? - Answers An appearance as
friendly courteous and hospitable, Great Stamina, Handsome
Which of the following is not a social constriction of Indians as ascribed by white European
colonists? - Answers Indians were valued for their many cultures.
Pioneers feared that too much wilderness would cause them to become? - Answers Less
Civilized
,What is the Lakota unifying spirit, maker of all things earth, sky and water? Also known as the
Big Holy. - Answers Wakan Tanka
According to Black Elk, what is the meaning of the Hoop? - Answers It represents an unbroken
circle which signifies the power of the world and how it works.
In the eyes of whites, an Indian that exhibited nakedness, vanity, sexual promiscuity, and was at
constant warfare, were considered what kind of Indian? - Answers Bad Indian
According to chief Luther Standing Bear, what are the differences between how white children
and Indian children are raised? - Answers 1. White children have ugly mannerisms where Indian
children have respect.
2. White children spend time worrying about aimless fassion and engage in foolish manner
where Indian children understand life is more than human manifestations and are alert to their
surroundings.
3. White children are reared in civilization where Indian children are reared in nature.
According to Chief Luther Standing bear, the Lakota viewed animals in what way? - Answers
Lakota had a biocentric view of animals where all animals had rights and were only killed for
needed food and clothing.
Christopher Columbus used the term Los Indios in error when referring to native peoples of
America because he thought he had landed in the east indies or islands near Japan. He used
this term which was a general term for people in that region. T/F - Answers True
Why did the term Indian persist as a general term for Native Americans even though they
consisted of many diverse cultures? - Answers 1. Europeans conceived of Indians in terms of
their deficiencies according to the white man's ideals
2. Europeans used moral evaluations of Native Americans as their descriptions.
3. One tribe's society and culture was generalized to all Native Americans
By the end of the 19th century, romantic appreciation for wilderness: - Answers Had produced a
feeling of ambivalence in many Americans about wilderness - people liked it, but were still a
little afraid of it.
According to Nash, literary essays in the early nineteenth century suggest a certain human
quality that was needed in order to have the capacity of enjoying the wild environment. What
was this human quality? - Answers Gentleman of refinement and good breeding
What phrase signifies America's desire of cultural independence yet still viewing Europe as the
mecca of all that was tasteful, refined, and creative? - Answers Provincial dilemma
Early paintings of nature depicted scenes of cultivated nature such as fields, olive groves,
, orchards, and dry-laid stone walls. What word best describes such scenes? - Answers The
Beautiful
According to Runte, what was the driving impetus behind the 1864 Yosemite Act? - Answers
Monumentalism
Where did wilderness appreciation first begin? - Answers The Cities
Thomas cole broke with tradition and ultimately inspired the Hudson River School style by
omitting or reducing the size of what in his wilderness paintings? - Answers Humans
Aside from wilderness, which of the following really made America special, and contributed to
the development of a national identity? - Answers The Frontier
Human beings happiness and well being decrease in direct proportion to his degree of
civilization. In other words the more civilized you are, the more unhappy you are. This idea is
characterized by Nash as: - Answers Primitivism
what was significant about how James Fenimore Cooper portrayed wilderness in his writings
such as The Pioneers? - Answers Wilderness was a source of moral influence, beauty, and
exciting adventure.
Runte argues that initially, the national parks emerged as scenic monuments that met the needs
of a young nation suffering from: - Answers Cultural Insecurity
Transcendentalism beliefs were contrary to Calvinists beliefs in what way? - Answers Calvinists
believed people were innately sinful while transcendentalists believed that everyone had a basic
goodness.
What is the significance in this class of Rome and the Wolf? - Answers Romulus and Remus, the
founders of Rome, were nursed by a wolf, and that primitive strength contributed to Rome's
longevity and vitality
What caused the Great Dust Bowl of the 1930's? - Answers 1. Plowing of the soil that was
anchored by grass
2. Regular drought cycles
3. Ignorance to the laws of self-renewal of the great plains
4. Increased settlement and farming of the Great Plains
What was the most numerous wildlife species on the continent that was harvested to extinction?
- Answers The Passenger pigeon
The idea that the American wilderness and frontier were vast or infinite, and would never run out
is referred to as: - Answers The myth of superabundance
