NURS 316 Unit 7
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+ WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
.
A client who is in a room at 1 atmosphere (760 mmHg) is receiving supplemental oxygen
therapy that is being delivered at a concentration of 50%. What is the consequent PO2?
A. 38,000 mmHg
B. More data are needed
C. 380 mmHg
D. 15.2 mmHg - C. 380 mmHg (21) --- The laws of partial pressures states that the total
pressure of a mixture of gases, as in the atmosphere, is equal to the sum of the partial pressures
of the different gases in the mixture. If the concentration of oxygen at 760 mmHg (1
atmosphere) is 50%, its partial pressure is 380 (760x0.5)
A college student is training for a marathon in the mountains. One day, she experiences a sharp
pain and suddenly becomes short of breath. At the emergency room, CXRay reveals a
spontaneous pneumothorax. The client asks why this happened. The nurse states, "For unknown
reasons, you lose intrapleural negative pressure -
A. You must have experienced a forced expiration against a closed glottis to caused the lungs to
deflate."
B. This means your lungs collapsed and expelled its air when you lost negative pressure. "
C. You must have coughed too forcibly and your air sacs burst."
D. You must have a genetic anomaly causing weakened alveolar sacs to rupture." - B. This
means your lungs collapsed and expelled its air when you lost negative pressure." (21) --- The
intrapleural pressure is always negative in relation to alveolar pressure in the normally inflated
lung: approx. 4 mmHg between breaths when the glottis is open and the alveolar spaces are open
to the atmosphere. Although the intrapleural pressure of the inflated lung is always negative in
relation to alveolar pressure, it may become positive in relation to atmospheric pressure.
Although the intrapleural pressure of the inflated lung is always negative in relation to alveolar
,pressure, it may become positive in relation to atmospheric pressure (e.g. forced expiration and
coughing). A spontaneous pneumothorax is a collapsed lung with loss of negative pressures.
A RT has asked a client to breathe in as deeply as possible during a pulmonary function test.
Inspiration is normally the result of which of the following phenomena?
A. Decreased intrapulmonary pressure
B. Increased airway pressure C. Increased intrapleural pressure
D. Decreased intrathoracic pressure - D. Decreased intrathoracic pressure (21)
The client with emphysema should be educated about changes in the lung tissue that may include
which of the following changes? Select all that apply.
A. Loss of elastic recoil
B. Difficulty exhaling due to inability to recoil
C. Increased lung compliance
D. Increased permeability to water
E. Stiff elastin fibres - A. Loss of elastic recoil
B. Difficulty exhaling due to inability to recoil
C. Increased lung compliance (21)
Clients who have been bedridden for a long time will likely experience:
A. An inability to produce sufficient amounts of surfactant and may require recombinant forms
B. Shallow, quiet breathing, which impairs the spreading of surfactant
C. A sharp increase in surfactant levels that will require frequent suctioning
D. Increase in their depth of breathing, which increases lung volumes causing more surfactant to
spread out over the alveolar surfaces. - B. Shallow, quiet breathing, which impairs the
spreading of surfactant (21)
When thinking in terms of airway radius with regard to resistance, the lung structure responsible
for the most airway resistance to airflow would be:
,A. The entire length of the trachea
B. The right bronchus at the bifurcation
C. The bronchioles near the trachea
D. A single alveolus. - C. The bronchioles near the trachea (21) --- The primary determinant
of airway resistance to airflow is the radius of the conducting airway. Therefore, the site of the
most resistance occurs in the larger bronchioles and bronchi near the trachea, with the smallest
airways contributing very little to the total airway resistance. However, although the resistance of
each individual bronchiole may be relatively high, their great number results in a large total
cross-sectional area, causing their total combined airway resistance to be low.
Completion of a client's pulmonary function study has yielded the following data: tidal volume:
500mL; inspiratory reserve:3100mL; expiratory reserve: 1200mL; functional residual capacity:
2400mL. What is this client's inspiratory capacity?
A. 5500 mL
B. 2600 mL
C. More data is needed
D. 3600 mL. - D. 3600 mL. (21) --- Inspiratory capacity is the sum of inspiratory reserve and
tidal volume.
A client with a history of COPD is undergoing pulmonary function testing. Which of the
following instructions should the technician provide in order to determine the client's forced vital
capacity (FVC)?
A. I'll ask you to breathe in as deep as you can, and then blow out as much of that air as possible.
B. I'd like you to take a deep breath, and then blow out as much air as you can during one second
C. I want you to breathe as normally as possible, and I'm going to measure how much air goes in
and out with each breath.
D. Breathe normally, and then exhale as much as you possibly can when I tell you. - A. I'll
ask you to breathe in as deep as you can, and then blow out as much of that air as possible. (21)
Clients with COPD may experience airway closure at the end of normal instead of low lung
volumes, which result in:
, A. Airway constriction of the main bronchus
B. Release of epinephrine, a catecholamine, which causes airway dilation
C. An increase in the physiological dead space in alveoli that are perfused but not ventilated
D. Trapping of large amounts of air that cannot participate in gas exchange. - D. Trapping of
large amounts of air that cannot participate in gas exchange. (21)
Respiratory movement of air that does not participate in alveolar gas exchange is known as
alveolar dead space. Dead space increases when alveolar/alveoli:
A. Carbon dioxide is high
B. Air supply exceeds blood flow
C. Contain pulmonary edema fluid
D. Collapse onto the capillary bed. - B. Air supply exceeds blood flow (21)
Generalized acute hypoxia in lung tissue, when alveolar oxygen levels drop below 60 mmHg,
causes pulmonary:
A. Vasospasms
B. Hypertension
C. Embolus formation
D. Vasoconstriction - D. Vasoconstriction (21)
Following surgery, a client had a chest Xray that reported some opacities in the lung bases likely
due to atelectasis. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes will result from this
condition?
A. Compensatory vasoconstriction
B. Ventilation without perfusion
C. Dead air space
D. Perfusion without ventilation. - D. Perfusion without ventilation. (21)
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | ALREADY GRADED A+ WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
.
A client who is in a room at 1 atmosphere (760 mmHg) is receiving supplemental oxygen
therapy that is being delivered at a concentration of 50%. What is the consequent PO2?
A. 38,000 mmHg
B. More data are needed
C. 380 mmHg
D. 15.2 mmHg - C. 380 mmHg (21) --- The laws of partial pressures states that the total
pressure of a mixture of gases, as in the atmosphere, is equal to the sum of the partial pressures
of the different gases in the mixture. If the concentration of oxygen at 760 mmHg (1
atmosphere) is 50%, its partial pressure is 380 (760x0.5)
A college student is training for a marathon in the mountains. One day, she experiences a sharp
pain and suddenly becomes short of breath. At the emergency room, CXRay reveals a
spontaneous pneumothorax. The client asks why this happened. The nurse states, "For unknown
reasons, you lose intrapleural negative pressure -
A. You must have experienced a forced expiration against a closed glottis to caused the lungs to
deflate."
B. This means your lungs collapsed and expelled its air when you lost negative pressure. "
C. You must have coughed too forcibly and your air sacs burst."
D. You must have a genetic anomaly causing weakened alveolar sacs to rupture." - B. This
means your lungs collapsed and expelled its air when you lost negative pressure." (21) --- The
intrapleural pressure is always negative in relation to alveolar pressure in the normally inflated
lung: approx. 4 mmHg between breaths when the glottis is open and the alveolar spaces are open
to the atmosphere. Although the intrapleural pressure of the inflated lung is always negative in
relation to alveolar pressure, it may become positive in relation to atmospheric pressure.
Although the intrapleural pressure of the inflated lung is always negative in relation to alveolar
,pressure, it may become positive in relation to atmospheric pressure (e.g. forced expiration and
coughing). A spontaneous pneumothorax is a collapsed lung with loss of negative pressures.
A RT has asked a client to breathe in as deeply as possible during a pulmonary function test.
Inspiration is normally the result of which of the following phenomena?
A. Decreased intrapulmonary pressure
B. Increased airway pressure C. Increased intrapleural pressure
D. Decreased intrathoracic pressure - D. Decreased intrathoracic pressure (21)
The client with emphysema should be educated about changes in the lung tissue that may include
which of the following changes? Select all that apply.
A. Loss of elastic recoil
B. Difficulty exhaling due to inability to recoil
C. Increased lung compliance
D. Increased permeability to water
E. Stiff elastin fibres - A. Loss of elastic recoil
B. Difficulty exhaling due to inability to recoil
C. Increased lung compliance (21)
Clients who have been bedridden for a long time will likely experience:
A. An inability to produce sufficient amounts of surfactant and may require recombinant forms
B. Shallow, quiet breathing, which impairs the spreading of surfactant
C. A sharp increase in surfactant levels that will require frequent suctioning
D. Increase in their depth of breathing, which increases lung volumes causing more surfactant to
spread out over the alveolar surfaces. - B. Shallow, quiet breathing, which impairs the
spreading of surfactant (21)
When thinking in terms of airway radius with regard to resistance, the lung structure responsible
for the most airway resistance to airflow would be:
,A. The entire length of the trachea
B. The right bronchus at the bifurcation
C. The bronchioles near the trachea
D. A single alveolus. - C. The bronchioles near the trachea (21) --- The primary determinant
of airway resistance to airflow is the radius of the conducting airway. Therefore, the site of the
most resistance occurs in the larger bronchioles and bronchi near the trachea, with the smallest
airways contributing very little to the total airway resistance. However, although the resistance of
each individual bronchiole may be relatively high, their great number results in a large total
cross-sectional area, causing their total combined airway resistance to be low.
Completion of a client's pulmonary function study has yielded the following data: tidal volume:
500mL; inspiratory reserve:3100mL; expiratory reserve: 1200mL; functional residual capacity:
2400mL. What is this client's inspiratory capacity?
A. 5500 mL
B. 2600 mL
C. More data is needed
D. 3600 mL. - D. 3600 mL. (21) --- Inspiratory capacity is the sum of inspiratory reserve and
tidal volume.
A client with a history of COPD is undergoing pulmonary function testing. Which of the
following instructions should the technician provide in order to determine the client's forced vital
capacity (FVC)?
A. I'll ask you to breathe in as deep as you can, and then blow out as much of that air as possible.
B. I'd like you to take a deep breath, and then blow out as much air as you can during one second
C. I want you to breathe as normally as possible, and I'm going to measure how much air goes in
and out with each breath.
D. Breathe normally, and then exhale as much as you possibly can when I tell you. - A. I'll
ask you to breathe in as deep as you can, and then blow out as much of that air as possible. (21)
Clients with COPD may experience airway closure at the end of normal instead of low lung
volumes, which result in:
, A. Airway constriction of the main bronchus
B. Release of epinephrine, a catecholamine, which causes airway dilation
C. An increase in the physiological dead space in alveoli that are perfused but not ventilated
D. Trapping of large amounts of air that cannot participate in gas exchange. - D. Trapping of
large amounts of air that cannot participate in gas exchange. (21)
Respiratory movement of air that does not participate in alveolar gas exchange is known as
alveolar dead space. Dead space increases when alveolar/alveoli:
A. Carbon dioxide is high
B. Air supply exceeds blood flow
C. Contain pulmonary edema fluid
D. Collapse onto the capillary bed. - B. Air supply exceeds blood flow (21)
Generalized acute hypoxia in lung tissue, when alveolar oxygen levels drop below 60 mmHg,
causes pulmonary:
A. Vasospasms
B. Hypertension
C. Embolus formation
D. Vasoconstriction - D. Vasoconstriction (21)
Following surgery, a client had a chest Xray that reported some opacities in the lung bases likely
due to atelectasis. Which of the following pathophysiologic processes will result from this
condition?
A. Compensatory vasoconstriction
B. Ventilation without perfusion
C. Dead air space
D. Perfusion without ventilation. - D. Perfusion without ventilation. (21)
