ETS Practice Test Correct Questions
And Answers
Which of the following should be the primary focus of early language intervention for at-
risk infants?
A.Establishing object permanence through play activities
B.Training primary caregivers to facilitate language learning
C.Creating readiness activities in the context of play
D.Enhancing social communication through play activities Correct Answers Correct
Answer: B
Option (B) is correct. Early language stimulation in at-risk infants is best provided by
primary caregivers who have been trained in practices that promote learning.
The figure shows a midsagittal view of the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal structures.
A bolus is present in the oral cavity on the posterior surface of the tongue, filliing the
valleculae and flowing along the ariepiglottic fold where the bolus ends. The bolus is
outside the larynx. The velum is not in contact with either the tongue or posterior
pharyngeal wall, and the UES is closed, and the larynx is open.
The figure above shows the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal structures involved in
swallowing. Which of the following best describes the transit of the bolus at the moment
depicted in the figure?
A.The bolus is traveling through the esophagus.
B.The bolus is being propelled from the oral cavity by the tongue and has entered the
pharynx.
C.The bolus has passively exited the oral cavity without propulsion by the tongue.
D.Laryngeal penetration of some of the bolus is evident. Correct Answers Correct
Answer: B
Option (B) is correct. The tongue is in contact with the entire anterior and most of the
mid to posterior hard palate. Furthermore, the bolus head has passed the epiglottis and
is descending into the hypopharynx.
Primary motor innervation to the larynx and velum is provided by which cranial nerve?
A.V
B.VII
C.IX
D.X Correct Answers Correct Answer: D
,Option (D) is correct. Primary innervation to the larynx and velum is provided by cranial
nerve X, the vagus nerve. The other answer choices identify cranial nerves that are not
primarily involved in motor innervation to the larynx and velum.
Fela is a third-grade student in a public school. She is a speaker of African American
Vernacular English (AAVE) who has difficulty with the Standard American English (SAE)
dialect used in her classroom. Her teacher believes that Fela's language skills are
affecting her academic performance and has referred her to the school's speech-
language pathologist. Which of the following is an appropriate rationale for providing
language intervention for Fela?
Select all that apply.
A.It will likely foster better communication with Fela's linguistically and culturally diverse
peers.
B.It will likely improve Fela's code-switching ability with her teacher and other adult
speakers of SAE.
C.It may expand Fela's later academic and vocational opportunities.
D.It will likely lead Fela to adopt SAE as her primary dialect. Correct Answers Correct
Answer: A,B,C
Options (A), (B), and (C) are correct. The intervention will foster better communication
because Fela and her peers will have a common dialect. Also, the intervention will
provide Fela with the ability to switch easily between dialects using SAE structures.
Furthermore, being able to switch codes will enable Fela to participate in more
educational and vocational opportunities.
Federal laws regarding freedom of access to information stipulate that client records
kept or written by health care professionals can be
A.reviewed only by other health-care professionals
B.reviewed only by the clients themselves unless the client provides written permission
to share with others
C.reviewed by anyone who submits a formal written request
D.released only by subpoena Correct Answers Correct Answer: B
Option (B) is correct. Clients have the right to review their own records.
To justify providing individual treatment for a 2½ year old with apraxia of speech, which
of the following would be LEAST important for the SLP to include in the evaluation
report?
A.A description of the child's typical interaction with peers
B.Relevant prognostic data
C.Information about apraxia of speech
,D.A description of the language development of the child's older siblings Correct
Answers Correct Answer: D
Option (D) is correct. A description of the child's older siblings' language development
does not provide the objective, documented evidence required to justify provision of
treatment for a child of an age at which some unintelligibility would be typical.
The speech reception threshold (SRT) is a basic component of an evaluation of hearing
function. Which of the following statements about the SRT is most accurate?
A.It is measured in decibels and corresponds to the intensity level at which spondaic
words can be recognized approximately 50% of the time.
B.It makes use of test materials that are limited to monosyllabic words.
C.It provides information on how well speech is understood at conversational levels.
D.It is useful in validating acoustic intermittence measures. Correct Answers Correct
Answer: A
Option (A) is correct. It is an accurate definition of the speech reception threshold.
A clinician who employs active listening is doing which of the following?
A.Responding to both the content and the affect of the client's remarks
B.Listening very carefully and taking extensive notes
C.Conducting a clinician-directed interview
D.Directing the client to specific answers to questions Correct Answers Correct
Answer: A
Option (A) is correct. A clinician who employs active listening responds to both the
content (the denotative message) and the affect (the emotional content) of a client's
remarks.
Questions 9-11 refer to the following.
This investigation was motivated by observations that when persons with dysarthria
increase loudness, their speech improves. Some studies have indicated that this
improvement may be related to an increase of prosodic variation. Studies have reported
an increase of fundamental frequency (F0) variation with increased loudness, but there
has been no examination of the relation of loudness manipulation to specific prosodic
variables that are known to aid a listener in parsing out meaningful information. This
study examined the relation of vocal loudness production to selected acoustic variables
known to inform listeners of phrase and sentence boundaries: specifically, F0
declination and final-word lengthening. Ten young, healthy women were audio-recorded
while they read aloud a paragraph at what each considered normal loudness, twice-
normal loudness, and half-normal loudness. Resul Correct Answers Correct Answer: C
, Option (C) is correct. The researchers manipulated vocal loudness to determine its
effect on prosodic F0 and durational variables.
Watson and Hughes are cautious when suggesting that the speech of some persons
with dysarthria improves because of the prosodic changes that result from increasing
vocal loudness. Of the following, which is the most likely reason for this caution?
A.Only women were studied.
B.The prosody of persons with dysarthria may not show similar loudness effects.
C.Several acoustic variables related to speech prosody were not included.
D.Reciting a paragraph aloud is unlike spontaneous speech. Correct Answers orrect
Answer: B
Option (B) is correct. At the end of the abstract, the researchers Hughes suggest a
relationship between increased vocal loudness and "improvement in communicative
effectiveness" in some persons with dysarthria. This relationship is not directly
supported by their study, as individuals with dysarthria were not tested.
Which of the following best describes the experimental design of the Watson and
Hughes study?
A.A multiple-baseline design
B.A between-subjects design
C.A within-subjects design
D.A mixed between- and within-subjects design Correct Answers Correct Answer: C
Option (C) is correct. The researchers use the same group of subjects who recite a
paragraph under three conditions: at normal, twice-normal, and half-normal loudness.
This is an example of a within-subjects design, in which the dependent variables (in this
case, prosodic F0 and durational variables) are measured repeatedly in the same
subjects under different task conditions (in this case, vocal loudness).
A 55-year-old woman, recently hospitalized for probable cerebrovascular accident
(CVA), is referred for evaluation of stuttering speech. The initial conversation with the
client indicates that speech is characterized by frequent initial-phoneme repetitions and
prolongations as well as associated mildly effortful eye blinking. Which of the following
pieces of information is crucial to accurate speech diagnosis and decisions regarding
management of the speech problem?
A.The site and extent of the lesion associated with the suspected CVA
B.Whether the client has any associated dysphagia or dysphonia
C.Whether the dysfluencies began before or after the suspected CVA
D.Whether the client feels frustrated by the dysfluencies Correct Answers Correct
Answer: C
And Answers
Which of the following should be the primary focus of early language intervention for at-
risk infants?
A.Establishing object permanence through play activities
B.Training primary caregivers to facilitate language learning
C.Creating readiness activities in the context of play
D.Enhancing social communication through play activities Correct Answers Correct
Answer: B
Option (B) is correct. Early language stimulation in at-risk infants is best provided by
primary caregivers who have been trained in practices that promote learning.
The figure shows a midsagittal view of the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal structures.
A bolus is present in the oral cavity on the posterior surface of the tongue, filliing the
valleculae and flowing along the ariepiglottic fold where the bolus ends. The bolus is
outside the larynx. The velum is not in contact with either the tongue or posterior
pharyngeal wall, and the UES is closed, and the larynx is open.
The figure above shows the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal structures involved in
swallowing. Which of the following best describes the transit of the bolus at the moment
depicted in the figure?
A.The bolus is traveling through the esophagus.
B.The bolus is being propelled from the oral cavity by the tongue and has entered the
pharynx.
C.The bolus has passively exited the oral cavity without propulsion by the tongue.
D.Laryngeal penetration of some of the bolus is evident. Correct Answers Correct
Answer: B
Option (B) is correct. The tongue is in contact with the entire anterior and most of the
mid to posterior hard palate. Furthermore, the bolus head has passed the epiglottis and
is descending into the hypopharynx.
Primary motor innervation to the larynx and velum is provided by which cranial nerve?
A.V
B.VII
C.IX
D.X Correct Answers Correct Answer: D
,Option (D) is correct. Primary innervation to the larynx and velum is provided by cranial
nerve X, the vagus nerve. The other answer choices identify cranial nerves that are not
primarily involved in motor innervation to the larynx and velum.
Fela is a third-grade student in a public school. She is a speaker of African American
Vernacular English (AAVE) who has difficulty with the Standard American English (SAE)
dialect used in her classroom. Her teacher believes that Fela's language skills are
affecting her academic performance and has referred her to the school's speech-
language pathologist. Which of the following is an appropriate rationale for providing
language intervention for Fela?
Select all that apply.
A.It will likely foster better communication with Fela's linguistically and culturally diverse
peers.
B.It will likely improve Fela's code-switching ability with her teacher and other adult
speakers of SAE.
C.It may expand Fela's later academic and vocational opportunities.
D.It will likely lead Fela to adopt SAE as her primary dialect. Correct Answers Correct
Answer: A,B,C
Options (A), (B), and (C) are correct. The intervention will foster better communication
because Fela and her peers will have a common dialect. Also, the intervention will
provide Fela with the ability to switch easily between dialects using SAE structures.
Furthermore, being able to switch codes will enable Fela to participate in more
educational and vocational opportunities.
Federal laws regarding freedom of access to information stipulate that client records
kept or written by health care professionals can be
A.reviewed only by other health-care professionals
B.reviewed only by the clients themselves unless the client provides written permission
to share with others
C.reviewed by anyone who submits a formal written request
D.released only by subpoena Correct Answers Correct Answer: B
Option (B) is correct. Clients have the right to review their own records.
To justify providing individual treatment for a 2½ year old with apraxia of speech, which
of the following would be LEAST important for the SLP to include in the evaluation
report?
A.A description of the child's typical interaction with peers
B.Relevant prognostic data
C.Information about apraxia of speech
,D.A description of the language development of the child's older siblings Correct
Answers Correct Answer: D
Option (D) is correct. A description of the child's older siblings' language development
does not provide the objective, documented evidence required to justify provision of
treatment for a child of an age at which some unintelligibility would be typical.
The speech reception threshold (SRT) is a basic component of an evaluation of hearing
function. Which of the following statements about the SRT is most accurate?
A.It is measured in decibels and corresponds to the intensity level at which spondaic
words can be recognized approximately 50% of the time.
B.It makes use of test materials that are limited to monosyllabic words.
C.It provides information on how well speech is understood at conversational levels.
D.It is useful in validating acoustic intermittence measures. Correct Answers Correct
Answer: A
Option (A) is correct. It is an accurate definition of the speech reception threshold.
A clinician who employs active listening is doing which of the following?
A.Responding to both the content and the affect of the client's remarks
B.Listening very carefully and taking extensive notes
C.Conducting a clinician-directed interview
D.Directing the client to specific answers to questions Correct Answers Correct
Answer: A
Option (A) is correct. A clinician who employs active listening responds to both the
content (the denotative message) and the affect (the emotional content) of a client's
remarks.
Questions 9-11 refer to the following.
This investigation was motivated by observations that when persons with dysarthria
increase loudness, their speech improves. Some studies have indicated that this
improvement may be related to an increase of prosodic variation. Studies have reported
an increase of fundamental frequency (F0) variation with increased loudness, but there
has been no examination of the relation of loudness manipulation to specific prosodic
variables that are known to aid a listener in parsing out meaningful information. This
study examined the relation of vocal loudness production to selected acoustic variables
known to inform listeners of phrase and sentence boundaries: specifically, F0
declination and final-word lengthening. Ten young, healthy women were audio-recorded
while they read aloud a paragraph at what each considered normal loudness, twice-
normal loudness, and half-normal loudness. Resul Correct Answers Correct Answer: C
, Option (C) is correct. The researchers manipulated vocal loudness to determine its
effect on prosodic F0 and durational variables.
Watson and Hughes are cautious when suggesting that the speech of some persons
with dysarthria improves because of the prosodic changes that result from increasing
vocal loudness. Of the following, which is the most likely reason for this caution?
A.Only women were studied.
B.The prosody of persons with dysarthria may not show similar loudness effects.
C.Several acoustic variables related to speech prosody were not included.
D.Reciting a paragraph aloud is unlike spontaneous speech. Correct Answers orrect
Answer: B
Option (B) is correct. At the end of the abstract, the researchers Hughes suggest a
relationship between increased vocal loudness and "improvement in communicative
effectiveness" in some persons with dysarthria. This relationship is not directly
supported by their study, as individuals with dysarthria were not tested.
Which of the following best describes the experimental design of the Watson and
Hughes study?
A.A multiple-baseline design
B.A between-subjects design
C.A within-subjects design
D.A mixed between- and within-subjects design Correct Answers Correct Answer: C
Option (C) is correct. The researchers use the same group of subjects who recite a
paragraph under three conditions: at normal, twice-normal, and half-normal loudness.
This is an example of a within-subjects design, in which the dependent variables (in this
case, prosodic F0 and durational variables) are measured repeatedly in the same
subjects under different task conditions (in this case, vocal loudness).
A 55-year-old woman, recently hospitalized for probable cerebrovascular accident
(CVA), is referred for evaluation of stuttering speech. The initial conversation with the
client indicates that speech is characterized by frequent initial-phoneme repetitions and
prolongations as well as associated mildly effortful eye blinking. Which of the following
pieces of information is crucial to accurate speech diagnosis and decisions regarding
management of the speech problem?
A.The site and extent of the lesion associated with the suspected CVA
B.Whether the client has any associated dysphagia or dysphonia
C.Whether the dysfluencies began before or after the suspected CVA
D.Whether the client feels frustrated by the dysfluencies Correct Answers Correct
Answer: C
