BKAT Critical Care Review ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION GUIDE (A+ GRADED 100% VERIFIED) LATEST VERSION 2025!!

BKAT Critical Care Review ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION GUIDE (A+ GRADED
100% VERIFIED) LATEST VERSION 2025!!



Normal Central Venous Pressure (CVP) range - (ANSWER)2-8 mmHg



Normal Pulmonary Artery Occlusion Pressure (PAOP) range - (ANSWER)6-12
mmHg



Normal Pulmonary Artery Systolic (PAS) range - (ANSWER)20-30 mmHg



Normal Pulmonary Artery Diastolic (PAD) range - (ANSWER)5-15 mmHg



Normal Pulmonary Artery Mean (PAM) - (ANSWER)11-20 mmHg



Normal Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) range - (ANSWER)800-1200 mmHg



Preload - (ANSWER)volume left in the left ventricle at the end of diastole



What is preload affected by? - (ANSWER)venous return to the heart, atrial kick,
total volume, and ventricular compliance

, What drugs can affect preload? - (ANSWER)Furosemide and nitroglycerin



Afterload - (ANSWER)Amount of pressure heart has to overcome to pump blood
out



What drugs may affect afterload? - (ANSWER)Vasoconstricters and vasodilators



Contractility - (ANSWER)the contractile force of the heart, how much will it take
to move the preload out against the afterload



What is the appropriate hold time after pulling an arterial line? - (ANSWER)5-10
min



What part of the heart does the PAOP affect? - (ANSWER)Left ventricle



What part of the heart does the CVP affect? - (ANSWER)Right ventricle



What does it mean when the PAOP is elevated? - (ANSWER)Increased left
ventricular end diastolic pressure that could be indicative of left ventricular
dysfunction or failure



What does it mean if CVP is elevated? - (ANSWER)Fluid overload or decreased
compliance (such as with ARDS and COPD)