NUR 504 EXAM 2 ACTUAL COMPLETE EXAM|WITH
ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|GRADED
A
Purpose of the hematologic system Ans✓✓✓ -blood formation
-transport of O2, CO2, metabolites, nutrients and hormones
-involved in immune reactions
-hemostasis
-acid-base balance
-fluid balance
-temperature regulation
components of the hematologic system Ans✓✓✓ -blood (solids-RBCs,
WBCs, thrombocytes and liquid-plasma)
-bone marrow (RBCs, WBCs and platelets are formed here)
-liver (produces prothrombin and other clotting factors such as Vit K
formation, stores RBCs and extra iron/ferritin)
-spleen (major antibody production site. Those w/o a spleen are at an
increased risk for infection).
-lymphatic system
-kidneys
*This system includes all organs that make blood or store blood
,hematological system labs Ans✓✓✓ -Vitamin B12, iron and copper
(needed for RBC production)
-RBC normal values= 4.6-6.3x106/mm3 M and 4.2-5.4x106/mm3
-reticulocytes (baby RBCs)
-H&H (Hemoglobin carries O2 t/o the body. M 14-18 and F 12-16.
Hematocrit is the % of your blood volume that is RBCs. Usually 42-52%
M and 37-47% F).
-iron (this is needed to form hemoglobin, binds with transferrin and is
absorbed in the small intestine)
-TIBC (total iron binding capacity) and ferritin: determines how much
iron is stored in the body
-WBC (neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils)
-platelets: should be 105,000-400,000. 20% are stored in the spleen,
short lifespan and function is to decrease blood loss by clotting.
-clotting related labs: PT (11-12.5 seconds), INR, aPTT (30-40 seconds
and 1.5-2.5 times control value if pt is on heparin therapy) and
fibrinogen (200-400)
abnormal hematocrit levels Ans✓✓✓ Low: may be d/t a chronic illness
such as cancer, anemia or blood loss.
High: may be d/t dehydration or polycythemia vera
abnormal iron levels Ans✓✓✓ high: d/t hep B or a vitamin deficiency
low: low iron consumption, blood loss or absorption deficiency
, clotting cascade Ans✓✓✓ This is a series of events that leads to
hemostasis. This prevents blood loss and promotes healing. It is
activated d/t blood vessel injury or damage.
-Platelets are first to arrive and stick to the damaged BV and recruit
more platelets to the site.
-fibrin is a sticking substance used to create the platelet plug
-plasmin is a a protein and digests fibrin
1)Platelet finds exposed collagen of damaged vessel 2) Platelet releases
chemical that causes neighboring platelets to adhere to each other
(platelet plug) 3)collected platelets and damaged tissue both released
thromboplastin
4) Thromboplastin and calcium and vit.K converts inactive prothrombin
to its active form thrombin
5) Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin
6) fibrin threads coat damaged area and trap blood cells to form clot
nursing actions for the hematological system Ans✓✓✓ Ask pt. about
drug use, diet, alcohol use, age, sex, liver fxn, s/sx of liver problems,
PMH, hemophilia, jaundice, JVD, tongue changes (smooth and
beefy=pernicious anemia), paresthesia, bruising, sickle cell disease, nose
bleeds, med hx, hemorrhages, heavy menstrual cycles, lymph node
swelling, excessive bruising, SOB upon exertion, infection, HA, fever,
weight loss, paresthesia, edema, arrhythmias, proteinuria, hematuria,
GUAC, assess CNS.
ACCURATE QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS|GRADED
A
Purpose of the hematologic system Ans✓✓✓ -blood formation
-transport of O2, CO2, metabolites, nutrients and hormones
-involved in immune reactions
-hemostasis
-acid-base balance
-fluid balance
-temperature regulation
components of the hematologic system Ans✓✓✓ -blood (solids-RBCs,
WBCs, thrombocytes and liquid-plasma)
-bone marrow (RBCs, WBCs and platelets are formed here)
-liver (produces prothrombin and other clotting factors such as Vit K
formation, stores RBCs and extra iron/ferritin)
-spleen (major antibody production site. Those w/o a spleen are at an
increased risk for infection).
-lymphatic system
-kidneys
*This system includes all organs that make blood or store blood
,hematological system labs Ans✓✓✓ -Vitamin B12, iron and copper
(needed for RBC production)
-RBC normal values= 4.6-6.3x106/mm3 M and 4.2-5.4x106/mm3
-reticulocytes (baby RBCs)
-H&H (Hemoglobin carries O2 t/o the body. M 14-18 and F 12-16.
Hematocrit is the % of your blood volume that is RBCs. Usually 42-52%
M and 37-47% F).
-iron (this is needed to form hemoglobin, binds with transferrin and is
absorbed in the small intestine)
-TIBC (total iron binding capacity) and ferritin: determines how much
iron is stored in the body
-WBC (neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils)
-platelets: should be 105,000-400,000. 20% are stored in the spleen,
short lifespan and function is to decrease blood loss by clotting.
-clotting related labs: PT (11-12.5 seconds), INR, aPTT (30-40 seconds
and 1.5-2.5 times control value if pt is on heparin therapy) and
fibrinogen (200-400)
abnormal hematocrit levels Ans✓✓✓ Low: may be d/t a chronic illness
such as cancer, anemia or blood loss.
High: may be d/t dehydration or polycythemia vera
abnormal iron levels Ans✓✓✓ high: d/t hep B or a vitamin deficiency
low: low iron consumption, blood loss or absorption deficiency
, clotting cascade Ans✓✓✓ This is a series of events that leads to
hemostasis. This prevents blood loss and promotes healing. It is
activated d/t blood vessel injury or damage.
-Platelets are first to arrive and stick to the damaged BV and recruit
more platelets to the site.
-fibrin is a sticking substance used to create the platelet plug
-plasmin is a a protein and digests fibrin
1)Platelet finds exposed collagen of damaged vessel 2) Platelet releases
chemical that causes neighboring platelets to adhere to each other
(platelet plug) 3)collected platelets and damaged tissue both released
thromboplastin
4) Thromboplastin and calcium and vit.K converts inactive prothrombin
to its active form thrombin
5) Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin
6) fibrin threads coat damaged area and trap blood cells to form clot
nursing actions for the hematological system Ans✓✓✓ Ask pt. about
drug use, diet, alcohol use, age, sex, liver fxn, s/sx of liver problems,
PMH, hemophilia, jaundice, JVD, tongue changes (smooth and
beefy=pernicious anemia), paresthesia, bruising, sickle cell disease, nose
bleeds, med hx, hemorrhages, heavy menstrual cycles, lymph node
swelling, excessive bruising, SOB upon exertion, infection, HA, fever,
weight loss, paresthesia, edema, arrhythmias, proteinuria, hematuria,
GUAC, assess CNS.
