Psychiatric Technician Developmental |\ |\
Disabilities Board Exam Questions
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
with answers |\
1. The psychiatric technician reinforces a client exactly every ten
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
minutes when the client is cleaning his room. This type of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
intermittent reinforcement is referred to as: |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A. Fixed-interval.
|\
B. Variable-interval.
|\
C. Fixed-ratio.
|\
D. Variable-ratio. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A. Fixed-interval.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Rarionale: Intermittent reinforcement refers to a type of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reinforcement schedule where responses are reinforced only
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
occasionally or intermittently. In this scenario, the psychiatric
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
technician reinforces the client every ten minutes when the client
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is cleaning his room. The reinforcement is provided at fixed time
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
intervals (every ten minutes), regardless of the client's behavior.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
This is an example of a fixed-interval schedule, where
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reinforcement is delivered after a fixed amount of time has
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
elapsed since the previous reinforcement.
|\ |\ |\ |\
2. Which of the following is an example of the Premack Principle?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A. When Helen is not scratching her face, she receives verbal
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
praise.
,B. Kevin would rather play his compact discs than set the table
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
for dinner. The rule is he can't listen to his compact discs until
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
after he sets the table for dinner.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
C. David gets reinforced after every fifth dish he washes.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
D. Judy gets a token every time she uses the toilet. At the end of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the day she gets to cash in her tokens for a snack. - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔B. Kevin would rather play his compact discs than |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
set the table for dinner. The rule is he can't listen to his compact
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
discs until after he sets the table for dinner.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Rationale: The Premack Principle, also known as "Grandma's |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Rule," states that a high-probability behavior can be used to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reinforce a low-probability behavior. In this example, Kevin
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
prefers playing his compact discs (high-probability behavior) over
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
setting the table for dinner (low-probability behavior). The rule
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
that he can only listen to his compact discs after he sets the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
table serves as reinforcement for the less preferred behavior of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
setting the table. |\ |\
3. An age-appropriate activity for a 15-year-old male client would
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
be:
A. Putting together a 50-piece puzzle.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
B. Playing basketball.
|\ |\
C. Driving an automobile.
|\ |\ |\
D. Playing with blocks. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔B. Playing
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
basketball.
Rationale: An age-appropriate activity for a 15-year-old male |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
client should take into account their physical abilities and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,interests. Playing basketball is a suitable choice as it promotes
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
physical exercise, coordination, teamwork, and social interaction.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
It aligns with the developmental stage of a 15-year-old male and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
provides an opportunity for both physical and social
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
development.
4. Mattie is a developmentally disabled client who has an I.Q. of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
47. She has limited speech but does fairly well working in a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
sheltered workshop. She can walk by herself to the store that is
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
one block from her home. Mattie's level of mental retardation is:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A. Profound.
|\
B. Severe.
|\
C. Moderate.
|\
D. Mild. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔C. Moderate.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Rationale: The term "mental retardation" is an outdated term
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
that has been replaced with the term "intellectual disability" in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
current diagnostic classifications. However, for the purpose of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
this question, we can provide a rationale based on the given
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
options. Mattie has an IQ of 47, which falls within the range of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
moderate intellectual disability. The severity of intellectual
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
disability is typically categorized based on IQ scores, and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
individuals with moderate intellectual disability typically have IQ
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
scores between 35 and 49. |\ |\ |\ |\
5. Donald is a 21-year-old client who resides at a state
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
developmental center. He often has seizures even though he is |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
taking anticonvulsant medication. Nodules are present on his
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
nose and recently it has been discovered that he has them in his
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
abdomen. The most likely diagnosis for this client is:|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, A. de Lange's Syndrome.
|\ |\ |\
B. Von Reckinghausen's Disease.
|\ |\ |\
C. Sturge- Weber Disease.
|\ |\ |\
D. Tuberous Sclerosis. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D. Tuberous
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Sclerosis.
Rationale: The symptoms described, including seizures and the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
presence of nodules on the nose and abdomen, are characteristic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of Tuberous Sclerosis (TS). TS is a genetic disorder that causes
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the growth of noncancerous tumors in various organs, including
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the brain, kidneys, heart, and skin. Seizures are a common
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
manifestation of TS, and the presence of nodules (called |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
angiofibromas) on the nose and abdomen is a characteristic sign. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Therefore, based on the symptoms described, Tuberous Sclerosis
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is the most likely diagnosis for Donald.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
6. One physical characteristic of a person born with Down
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
syndrome that is not found with other developmental disabilities
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is:
A. Severe mental retardation.
|\ |\ |\
B. A simian line.
|\ |\ |\
C. Unusual facial characteristics.
|\ |\ |\
D. A large head. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔B. A simian line
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Rationale: The simian line, also known as a single palmar crease,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is a physical characteristic that can be observed in some
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
individuals with Down syndrome. It is characterized by a single
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
horizontal crease across the palm of the hand, rather than the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
typical two creases (known as the distal transverse crease and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Disabilities Board Exam Questions
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
with answers |\
1. The psychiatric technician reinforces a client exactly every ten
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
minutes when the client is cleaning his room. This type of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
intermittent reinforcement is referred to as: |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A. Fixed-interval.
|\
B. Variable-interval.
|\
C. Fixed-ratio.
|\
D. Variable-ratio. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔A. Fixed-interval.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Rarionale: Intermittent reinforcement refers to a type of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reinforcement schedule where responses are reinforced only
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
occasionally or intermittently. In this scenario, the psychiatric
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
technician reinforces the client every ten minutes when the client
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is cleaning his room. The reinforcement is provided at fixed time
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
intervals (every ten minutes), regardless of the client's behavior.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
This is an example of a fixed-interval schedule, where
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reinforcement is delivered after a fixed amount of time has
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
elapsed since the previous reinforcement.
|\ |\ |\ |\
2. Which of the following is an example of the Premack Principle?
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A. When Helen is not scratching her face, she receives verbal
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
praise.
,B. Kevin would rather play his compact discs than set the table
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
for dinner. The rule is he can't listen to his compact discs until
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
after he sets the table for dinner.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
C. David gets reinforced after every fifth dish he washes.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
D. Judy gets a token every time she uses the toilet. At the end of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the day she gets to cash in her tokens for a snack. - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔B. Kevin would rather play his compact discs than |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
set the table for dinner. The rule is he can't listen to his compact
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
discs until after he sets the table for dinner.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Rationale: The Premack Principle, also known as "Grandma's |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Rule," states that a high-probability behavior can be used to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
reinforce a low-probability behavior. In this example, Kevin
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
prefers playing his compact discs (high-probability behavior) over
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
setting the table for dinner (low-probability behavior). The rule
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
that he can only listen to his compact discs after he sets the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
table serves as reinforcement for the less preferred behavior of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
setting the table. |\ |\
3. An age-appropriate activity for a 15-year-old male client would
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
be:
A. Putting together a 50-piece puzzle.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
B. Playing basketball.
|\ |\
C. Driving an automobile.
|\ |\ |\
D. Playing with blocks. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔B. Playing
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
basketball.
Rationale: An age-appropriate activity for a 15-year-old male |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
client should take into account their physical abilities and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
,interests. Playing basketball is a suitable choice as it promotes
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
physical exercise, coordination, teamwork, and social interaction.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
It aligns with the developmental stage of a 15-year-old male and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
provides an opportunity for both physical and social
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
development.
4. Mattie is a developmentally disabled client who has an I.Q. of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
47. She has limited speech but does fairly well working in a
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
sheltered workshop. She can walk by herself to the store that is
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
one block from her home. Mattie's level of mental retardation is:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
A. Profound.
|\
B. Severe.
|\
C. Moderate.
|\
D. Mild. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔C. Moderate.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Rationale: The term "mental retardation" is an outdated term
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
that has been replaced with the term "intellectual disability" in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
current diagnostic classifications. However, for the purpose of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
this question, we can provide a rationale based on the given
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
options. Mattie has an IQ of 47, which falls within the range of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
moderate intellectual disability. The severity of intellectual
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
disability is typically categorized based on IQ scores, and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
individuals with moderate intellectual disability typically have IQ
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
scores between 35 and 49. |\ |\ |\ |\
5. Donald is a 21-year-old client who resides at a state
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
developmental center. He often has seizures even though he is |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
taking anticonvulsant medication. Nodules are present on his
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
nose and recently it has been discovered that he has them in his
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
abdomen. The most likely diagnosis for this client is:|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, A. de Lange's Syndrome.
|\ |\ |\
B. Von Reckinghausen's Disease.
|\ |\ |\
C. Sturge- Weber Disease.
|\ |\ |\
D. Tuberous Sclerosis. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔D. Tuberous
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Sclerosis.
Rationale: The symptoms described, including seizures and the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
presence of nodules on the nose and abdomen, are characteristic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of Tuberous Sclerosis (TS). TS is a genetic disorder that causes
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the growth of noncancerous tumors in various organs, including
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the brain, kidneys, heart, and skin. Seizures are a common
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
manifestation of TS, and the presence of nodules (called |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
angiofibromas) on the nose and abdomen is a characteristic sign. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Therefore, based on the symptoms described, Tuberous Sclerosis
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is the most likely diagnosis for Donald.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
6. One physical characteristic of a person born with Down
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
syndrome that is not found with other developmental disabilities
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is:
A. Severe mental retardation.
|\ |\ |\
B. A simian line.
|\ |\ |\
C. Unusual facial characteristics.
|\ |\ |\
D. A large head. - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔B. A simian line
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Rationale: The simian line, also known as a single palmar crease,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is a physical characteristic that can be observed in some
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
individuals with Down syndrome. It is characterized by a single
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
horizontal crease across the palm of the hand, rather than the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
typical two creases (known as the distal transverse crease and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
