.
,.
CHAPTER 1: The Science of the Mind
ja ja ja ja ja ja
LEARNINGjaOBJECTIVES
1.1. Describejathejascopejaandjagoalsjaofjacognitivejapsychology.
1.2. UnderstandjathejacasejaofjaH.M.,jaandjathejamanyjawaysjathatjamemoryjainfluencesjaourjalives.
1.3. Describejathejalimitationsjaofjaintrospectionjaasjaajamethodjaforjascientificjainquiry.
1.4. Comparejaandjacontrastjaclassicalja(Watsonian)jabehaviorismjaandjacognitivejapsychology.
1.5. Kant’sja“transcendentaljamethod”jaisjasometimesjacalledja“inferencejatojabestjaexplanation.”jaExplainjathisjamethodjaandjahowjaitworks.
1.6. Describejathejarole,jainjathejaemergencejaofjacognitivejapsychology,jathatjawasjaplayedjabyjacomputerjasciencejaandjathejadevelop-
mentjaofja“computerjaintelligence.”
MULTIPLEjaCHOICE
1. WhichjaofjathejafollowingjatopicsjaisjaNOTjacommonlyjastudiedjawithinjacognitivejapsychology?
a. angerjamanagement c. memory
b. decisionjamaking d. Attention
ANS:j a A DIF: Easy REF:
ThejaScopejaofjaCognitivejaPsychologyjaOBJ: 1.1 MSC:jaUnderstanding
2. CognitivejaprocessesjaarejaNOTjanecessaryjaforjawhichjadailyjaactivity?
a. readingjaajanewspaper c. talkingjaonjathejaphone
b. studyingjaforjaajatest d. breathing
ANS:j a D DIF: Easy REF: ThejaScopejaofjaCognitivejaPsychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssajawantsjatojabejaajapsychologistjabutjaisjaunsurejawhichjatopicjawithinjapsychologyjamostjainterestsjaher.jaWhichjaofj
thejafollowingjatopicsjawouldjabejaLEASTjalikelyjatojaleadjaherjaintojacognitivejapsychology?
a
a. amnesia c. Lymejadisease
b. languagejaacquisition d. problem-solvingjastrategies
,.
ANS:j a C DIF: Easy REF:
ThejaScopejaofjaCognitivejaPsychologyjaOBJ: 1.1 MSC:jaApplying
4. Considerjathejasequenceja“BetsyjawantedjatojabringjaJacobjaajapresent.jaShejashookjaherjapiggyjabank.”jaMostjapeople,jaaft
erjahearingjathisjasequence,jabelievejaBetsyjawasjacheckingjaherjapiggyjabankjatojaseejaifjashejahadjamoneyjatojaspendjaonjathejagift.jaThisjainferen
cejaaboutjaBetsy’sjagoalsjadependsjaonjathejafactjathat
a. ourjapreviousjaknowledgejafillsjainjabackgroundjainformationjawheneverjawe’rejaunderstandingjaanjaeve
ntjaorjaconversation.
b. readersjaarejalikelyjatojaknowjasomeonejanamedjaJacob.
c. English,jaunlikejaotherjalanguages,jarequiresjaspeakersjatojamentionjaalljaofjathejapeoplejainvolvedjainja
anjaevent.
d. thejaindividualjasentencesjaarejashort.
ANS:j a A DIF: Easy REF:
ThejaBroadjaRolejaforjaMemoryjaOBJ: 1.1 MSC:jaUnderstanding
5. WhichjaofjathejafollowingjastatementsjaisjaLEASTjalikelyjatojaapplyjatojapatientjaH.M.?
a. “Hejacannotjarememberjawhatjahejadidjaearlierjatoday,jaincludingjaeventsjathatjatookjaplacejajustjaanjahourjaago.”
b. “Hejareadjathisjastoryjalastjamonth,jabutjahejawasjastilljasurprisedjabyjahowjathejastoryjaturnedjaout.”
c. “Evenjathoughjahejahasjaencounteredjathejanursejamanyjatimes,jahejaisjastilljaunablejatojarecognizejaher.”
d. “Hejarememberedjathatjaitjawasjaonlyjaajaweekjaagojathatjahe’djaheardjathejasadjanewsjathatjahisjaunclejahadjadied.”
ANS:j a D DIF: Moderate REF:
AmnesiajaandjaMemoryjaLossjaOBJ: 1.2 MSC:jaApplying
6. ResearchjawithjaH.M.japrovidesjaanjaillustrationjaforjawhichjamajorjathemejaofjathejachapter?
a. Introspectionjaisjaanjaimportantjaresearchjatooljaforjacognitivejapsychologists.
b. Cognitivejapsychologyjacanjahelpjausjaunderstandjaajawidejarangejaofjaactivitiesjathatjadependjaonjasomeon
e’sjaabilityjatojaremember.
c. Memoryjaisjanotjaveryjaimportant.
d. Thejadisruptionjacausedjabyjabrainjadamagejadependsjaonjahowjawidespreadjathejadamagejais,jaandjanotjaonj
athejaspecificjasitesjathatjaarejadamaged.
ANS:j a j a B DIF: Moderate REF: ThejaScopejaofjaCognitivejaPsychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patientsjasufferingjafromjaclinicaljaamnesiajaarejacharacterizedjaby
a. memoryjadysfunction. c. inarticulatejaspeech.
b. anjainabilityjatojarecognizejapatterns. d. impairedjalanguagejacomprehension.
ANS:j a A DIF: Easy REF:
AmnesiajaandjaMemoryjaLossjaOBJ: 1.2 MSC:jaRemembering
8. Thejatermja“introspection”jarefersjatojathe
a. processjabyjawhichjaonejaindividualjaseeksjatojainferjathejathoughtsjaofjaanotherjaindividual.
b. procedurejaofjaexaminingjathoughtjaprocessingjabyjamonitoringjathejabrain’sjaelectricaljaactivity.
, .
c. processjaofjaeachjapersonjalookingjawithin,jatojaobservejahisjaorjaherjaownjathoughtsjaandjaideas.
d. techniquejaofjastudyingjathoughtjabyjainterpretingjathejasymbolsjausedjainjacommunication.
ANS:j a C DIF: Easy REF:
ThejaLimitsjaofjaIntrospectionjaOBJ: 1.3 MSC:jaRemembering
9. Ajaparticipantjaisjaaskedjatojalookjawithinjahimselfjaorjaherselfjaandjareportjaonjahisjaorjaherjaownjamentaljaprocesses.jaThisjamethod
isjacalled
a. logicaljainference. c. introspection.
b. reconstruction. d.
ANS:j a C DIF: Easy REF:
ThejaLimitsjaofjaIntrospectionjaOBJ: 1.3 MSC:jaRemembering
10. Ofjathejafollowing,jaintrospectionjaisjaLEASTjausefuljaforjastudying
a. topicsjathatjaarejastronglyjacoloredjabyjaemotion.
b. mentaljaeventsjathatjaarejaunconscious.
c. processesjathatjainvolvejaconceptualjaknowledge.
d. eventsjathatjatakejaajalongjatimejatojaunfold.
ANS:j a B DIF: Moderate REF:
ThejaLimitsjaofjaIntrospectionjaOBJ: 1.3 MSC:jaUnderstanding
11. WhichjaofjathejafollowingjastatementsjaaboutjaintrospectionjaisjaFALSE?
a. Itjaisjathejaonlyjawayjatojaobservejaconsciousjaeventsjadirectly.
b. Itjaisjasubjective.
c. Itjaprovidesjastrongjaevidencejaforjahypothesis-testing.
d. Itjawasjaajatechniquejausedjahistoricallyjatojastudyjacognition.
ANS:j a C DIF: Moderate REF:
ThejaLimitsjaofjaIntrospectionjaOBJ: 1.3 MSC:jaUnderstanding
12. Geniejawondersjawhyjashejacanjaneverjarememberjathejanamesjaofjanewjaacquaintances.jaInjasearchjaofjaanjaanswer,jashejaexami
nesjaandjareflectsjaonjaherjafeelingsjaaboutjameetingjanewjapeople.jaGeniejaisjaengagedjainjawhichjaprocess?
a. practicaljarehearsal c. learningjahistoryjaanalysis
b. introspection d. goaljaretrieval
ANS:j a B DIF: Moderate REF:
ThejaLimitsjaofjaIntrospectionjaOBJ: 1.3 MSC:jaApplying
13. Introspectionjawasjaemployedjaasjaajaresearchjatooljainjathejalateja1800sjabecause
a. itjawasjaregardedjaasjathejaonlyjawayjatojaobservejathejamind’sjacontentsjadirectly.
b. itjaprovidedjadatajafromjaindividualsjawithoutjaanyjaspecializedjatraining.
c. consciousjaeventsjaarejajustjaasjaimportantjaasjaunconsciousjaevents.
,.
CHAPTER 1: The Science of the Mind
ja ja ja ja ja ja
LEARNINGjaOBJECTIVES
1.1. Describejathejascopejaandjagoalsjaofjacognitivejapsychology.
1.2. UnderstandjathejacasejaofjaH.M.,jaandjathejamanyjawaysjathatjamemoryjainfluencesjaourjalives.
1.3. Describejathejalimitationsjaofjaintrospectionjaasjaajamethodjaforjascientificjainquiry.
1.4. Comparejaandjacontrastjaclassicalja(Watsonian)jabehaviorismjaandjacognitivejapsychology.
1.5. Kant’sja“transcendentaljamethod”jaisjasometimesjacalledja“inferencejatojabestjaexplanation.”jaExplainjathisjamethodjaandjahowjaitworks.
1.6. Describejathejarole,jainjathejaemergencejaofjacognitivejapsychology,jathatjawasjaplayedjabyjacomputerjasciencejaandjathejadevelop-
mentjaofja“computerjaintelligence.”
MULTIPLEjaCHOICE
1. WhichjaofjathejafollowingjatopicsjaisjaNOTjacommonlyjastudiedjawithinjacognitivejapsychology?
a. angerjamanagement c. memory
b. decisionjamaking d. Attention
ANS:j a A DIF: Easy REF:
ThejaScopejaofjaCognitivejaPsychologyjaOBJ: 1.1 MSC:jaUnderstanding
2. CognitivejaprocessesjaarejaNOTjanecessaryjaforjawhichjadailyjaactivity?
a. readingjaajanewspaper c. talkingjaonjathejaphone
b. studyingjaforjaajatest d. breathing
ANS:j a D DIF: Easy REF: ThejaScopejaofjaCognitivejaPsychology
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssajawantsjatojabejaajapsychologistjabutjaisjaunsurejawhichjatopicjawithinjapsychologyjamostjainterestsjaher.jaWhichjaofj
thejafollowingjatopicsjawouldjabejaLEASTjalikelyjatojaleadjaherjaintojacognitivejapsychology?
a
a. amnesia c. Lymejadisease
b. languagejaacquisition d. problem-solvingjastrategies
,.
ANS:j a C DIF: Easy REF:
ThejaScopejaofjaCognitivejaPsychologyjaOBJ: 1.1 MSC:jaApplying
4. Considerjathejasequenceja“BetsyjawantedjatojabringjaJacobjaajapresent.jaShejashookjaherjapiggyjabank.”jaMostjapeople,jaaft
erjahearingjathisjasequence,jabelievejaBetsyjawasjacheckingjaherjapiggyjabankjatojaseejaifjashejahadjamoneyjatojaspendjaonjathejagift.jaThisjainferen
cejaaboutjaBetsy’sjagoalsjadependsjaonjathejafactjathat
a. ourjapreviousjaknowledgejafillsjainjabackgroundjainformationjawheneverjawe’rejaunderstandingjaanjaeve
ntjaorjaconversation.
b. readersjaarejalikelyjatojaknowjasomeonejanamedjaJacob.
c. English,jaunlikejaotherjalanguages,jarequiresjaspeakersjatojamentionjaalljaofjathejapeoplejainvolvedjainja
anjaevent.
d. thejaindividualjasentencesjaarejashort.
ANS:j a A DIF: Easy REF:
ThejaBroadjaRolejaforjaMemoryjaOBJ: 1.1 MSC:jaUnderstanding
5. WhichjaofjathejafollowingjastatementsjaisjaLEASTjalikelyjatojaapplyjatojapatientjaH.M.?
a. “Hejacannotjarememberjawhatjahejadidjaearlierjatoday,jaincludingjaeventsjathatjatookjaplacejajustjaanjahourjaago.”
b. “Hejareadjathisjastoryjalastjamonth,jabutjahejawasjastilljasurprisedjabyjahowjathejastoryjaturnedjaout.”
c. “Evenjathoughjahejahasjaencounteredjathejanursejamanyjatimes,jahejaisjastilljaunablejatojarecognizejaher.”
d. “Hejarememberedjathatjaitjawasjaonlyjaajaweekjaagojathatjahe’djaheardjathejasadjanewsjathatjahisjaunclejahadjadied.”
ANS:j a D DIF: Moderate REF:
AmnesiajaandjaMemoryjaLossjaOBJ: 1.2 MSC:jaApplying
6. ResearchjawithjaH.M.japrovidesjaanjaillustrationjaforjawhichjamajorjathemejaofjathejachapter?
a. Introspectionjaisjaanjaimportantjaresearchjatooljaforjacognitivejapsychologists.
b. Cognitivejapsychologyjacanjahelpjausjaunderstandjaajawidejarangejaofjaactivitiesjathatjadependjaonjasomeon
e’sjaabilityjatojaremember.
c. Memoryjaisjanotjaveryjaimportant.
d. Thejadisruptionjacausedjabyjabrainjadamagejadependsjaonjahowjawidespreadjathejadamagejais,jaandjanotjaonj
athejaspecificjasitesjathatjaarejadamaged.
ANS:j a j a B DIF: Moderate REF: ThejaScopejaofjaCognitivejaPsychology
OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Evaluating
7. Patientsjasufferingjafromjaclinicaljaamnesiajaarejacharacterizedjaby
a. memoryjadysfunction. c. inarticulatejaspeech.
b. anjainabilityjatojarecognizejapatterns. d. impairedjalanguagejacomprehension.
ANS:j a A DIF: Easy REF:
AmnesiajaandjaMemoryjaLossjaOBJ: 1.2 MSC:jaRemembering
8. Thejatermja“introspection”jarefersjatojathe
a. processjabyjawhichjaonejaindividualjaseeksjatojainferjathejathoughtsjaofjaanotherjaindividual.
b. procedurejaofjaexaminingjathoughtjaprocessingjabyjamonitoringjathejabrain’sjaelectricaljaactivity.
, .
c. processjaofjaeachjapersonjalookingjawithin,jatojaobservejahisjaorjaherjaownjathoughtsjaandjaideas.
d. techniquejaofjastudyingjathoughtjabyjainterpretingjathejasymbolsjausedjainjacommunication.
ANS:j a C DIF: Easy REF:
ThejaLimitsjaofjaIntrospectionjaOBJ: 1.3 MSC:jaRemembering
9. Ajaparticipantjaisjaaskedjatojalookjawithinjahimselfjaorjaherselfjaandjareportjaonjahisjaorjaherjaownjamentaljaprocesses.jaThisjamethod
isjacalled
a. logicaljainference. c. introspection.
b. reconstruction. d.
ANS:j a C DIF: Easy REF:
ThejaLimitsjaofjaIntrospectionjaOBJ: 1.3 MSC:jaRemembering
10. Ofjathejafollowing,jaintrospectionjaisjaLEASTjausefuljaforjastudying
a. topicsjathatjaarejastronglyjacoloredjabyjaemotion.
b. mentaljaeventsjathatjaarejaunconscious.
c. processesjathatjainvolvejaconceptualjaknowledge.
d. eventsjathatjatakejaajalongjatimejatojaunfold.
ANS:j a B DIF: Moderate REF:
ThejaLimitsjaofjaIntrospectionjaOBJ: 1.3 MSC:jaUnderstanding
11. WhichjaofjathejafollowingjastatementsjaaboutjaintrospectionjaisjaFALSE?
a. Itjaisjathejaonlyjawayjatojaobservejaconsciousjaeventsjadirectly.
b. Itjaisjasubjective.
c. Itjaprovidesjastrongjaevidencejaforjahypothesis-testing.
d. Itjawasjaajatechniquejausedjahistoricallyjatojastudyjacognition.
ANS:j a C DIF: Moderate REF:
ThejaLimitsjaofjaIntrospectionjaOBJ: 1.3 MSC:jaUnderstanding
12. Geniejawondersjawhyjashejacanjaneverjarememberjathejanamesjaofjanewjaacquaintances.jaInjasearchjaofjaanjaanswer,jashejaexami
nesjaandjareflectsjaonjaherjafeelingsjaaboutjameetingjanewjapeople.jaGeniejaisjaengagedjainjawhichjaprocess?
a. practicaljarehearsal c. learningjahistoryjaanalysis
b. introspection d. goaljaretrieval
ANS:j a B DIF: Moderate REF:
ThejaLimitsjaofjaIntrospectionjaOBJ: 1.3 MSC:jaApplying
13. Introspectionjawasjaemployedjaasjaajaresearchjatooljainjathejalateja1800sjabecause
a. itjawasjaregardedjaasjathejaonlyjawayjatojaobservejathejamind’sjacontentsjadirectly.
b. itjaprovidedjadatajafromjaindividualsjawithoutjaanyjaspecializedjatraining.
c. consciousjaeventsjaarejajustjaasjaimportantjaasjaunconsciousjaevents.
