lOMoAR cPSD| 57394295
HESI RN ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM |2025-2026
LATEST UPDATED|160 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
100% RATED CORRECT | 100% VERFIED SOLUTIONS | ALREADY
GRADED A+
An initial disturbance in a system sets off a chain of events that does not
favor stability and often abruptly displaces a system from its steady state:
what is that?
a. Positive Feedback
b. Negative Feedback
c. Disease
d. Homeostasis - ANSWER>>a. positive feedback
What organ shrinks with age? a.
Prostate
b. Gums
c. Heart
d. All of the above - ANSWER>>b. gums
Which of the following is true?
a. An infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult
b. The elderly have better temperature sensations
c. There are more sweat glands in an elderly person
d. There is less thirst perception in the elderly - ANSWER>>d. there is less
thirst perception in the elderly
Which of the following is true?
a. Women snore more than men
b. Men have higher calcium levels
c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men
d. Men have a lower creatinine level than women - ANSWER>>c. Women
have a lower hemoglobin than men
, lOMoAR cPSD| 57394295
An increase in normal adaptive response to the decreased availability of
oxygen at high altitude is termed which? a. Circadian
b. Acclimatization
c. Population
d. Diurnal - ANSWER>>b. Acclimatization
What does it mean when the cause of the disease is unwanted medical
treatment?
a. Idiopathic
b. Ecogenetic
c. Genotypical
d. Iatrogenic - ANSWER>>d. Iatrogenic
Which term is used for the first two months of life? a.
Infancy
b. Childhood
c. Prenatal
d. Neonatal - ANSWER>>d. Neonatal
Which is an objectively identifiable aberration of the disease? a.
Symptom
b. Syndrome
c. Stage
d. Sign - ANSWER>>d. Sign
Which of the following is true regarding catecholamines? a.
They are from the parasympathetic nervous system
b. They cross the blood brain barrier
c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine
d. They cause of decrease in heart rate - ANSWER>>c. They include
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Which of the following is a true statement?
a. Antidiuretic hormone is not important for blood volume regulation
b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease in pain
perception
c. Epinephrine and cortisol act very differently
, lOMoAR cPSD| 57394295
d. Cortisol negates epinephrine's activity - ANSWER>>b. Endorphins
increase with stress, resulting in a decrease in pain perception
By what mechanism do lipid molecules cross cell membranes?
a. They use channel proteins as a membrane transport system
b. They are transported across the plasma membrane by endocytosis and
exocytosis
c. They use voltage-gated ion channels
d. They cross by diffusion - ANSWER>>d. They cross by diffusion
Which of the following metabolic processes is a component of anabolic
metabolism?
a. Protein synthesis
b. Glycolysis
c. Citric acid cycle
d. Oxidative phosphorylation - ANSWER>>a. Protein synthesis
Which of the following electrochemical mechanism is responsible for
maintaining cell volume? a. The calcium pump
b. Glucose transporters
c. The sodium-potassium pump
d. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters - ANSWER>>c. The
sodiumpotassium pump
Cellular hypoxia results in: a.
Enhanced ATP activity
b. Loss of intracellular calcium
c. Increased pH
d. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump - ANSWER>>d. Failure of the
sodium-potassium pump
A 75 yo woman develops weakness in her lower extremities after a
prolonged period of bed rest. This is most likely caused by: a.
Atrophy of her leg muscles
b. Dysplasia of her leg muscles
c. Hypertrophy of her leg muscles
, lOMoAR cPSD| 57394295
d. Hyperplasia of her leg muscles - ANSWER>>a. Atrophy of her leg
muscles
Which of the following types of cellular adaption is most likely to occur from
chronic ischemia? a. Hypertrophy
b. Metaplasia
c. Atrophy
d. Hyperplasia - ANSWER>>c. Atrophy
What is the mechanism of cellular injury that occurs when deep sea divers
get 'the bends'?
a. Free radicals form abnormal chemical bonds which destroy the cellular
membranes
b. Carbon monoxide binds tightly to hemoglobin, preventing the RBCs from
carrying O2
c. Intracellular calcium accumlation create muscle tetany
d. Gas bubbles from in the blood, blocking circulation and resulting in
ischemia - ANSWER>>d. Gas bubbles from in the blood, blocking
circulation and resulting in ischemia
Which type of cellular adaption would create the greatest concern if found
on a biopsy report? a. Dysplasia
b. Metaplasia
c. Hyperplasia
d. Atrophy - ANSWER>>a. Dysplasia
Which of the following is the process by which mRNA is synthesized from
single stranded DNA? a. Sense stranding
b. Replication
c. Translation
D. Transcription - ANSWER>>d. Transcription
Which of the following is not one of the 4 cell types found in adult humans?
a. Epithelium
b. Connective tissue
c. Hematopoietic tissue
d. Nervous tissue - ANSWER>>c. Hematopoietic tissue
HESI RN ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM |2025-2026
LATEST UPDATED|160 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |
100% RATED CORRECT | 100% VERFIED SOLUTIONS | ALREADY
GRADED A+
An initial disturbance in a system sets off a chain of events that does not
favor stability and often abruptly displaces a system from its steady state:
what is that?
a. Positive Feedback
b. Negative Feedback
c. Disease
d. Homeostasis - ANSWER>>a. positive feedback
What organ shrinks with age? a.
Prostate
b. Gums
c. Heart
d. All of the above - ANSWER>>b. gums
Which of the following is true?
a. An infant will have a slower heart rate than an adult
b. The elderly have better temperature sensations
c. There are more sweat glands in an elderly person
d. There is less thirst perception in the elderly - ANSWER>>d. there is less
thirst perception in the elderly
Which of the following is true?
a. Women snore more than men
b. Men have higher calcium levels
c. Women have a lower hemoglobin than men
d. Men have a lower creatinine level than women - ANSWER>>c. Women
have a lower hemoglobin than men
, lOMoAR cPSD| 57394295
An increase in normal adaptive response to the decreased availability of
oxygen at high altitude is termed which? a. Circadian
b. Acclimatization
c. Population
d. Diurnal - ANSWER>>b. Acclimatization
What does it mean when the cause of the disease is unwanted medical
treatment?
a. Idiopathic
b. Ecogenetic
c. Genotypical
d. Iatrogenic - ANSWER>>d. Iatrogenic
Which term is used for the first two months of life? a.
Infancy
b. Childhood
c. Prenatal
d. Neonatal - ANSWER>>d. Neonatal
Which is an objectively identifiable aberration of the disease? a.
Symptom
b. Syndrome
c. Stage
d. Sign - ANSWER>>d. Sign
Which of the following is true regarding catecholamines? a.
They are from the parasympathetic nervous system
b. They cross the blood brain barrier
c. They include epinephrine and norepinephrine
d. They cause of decrease in heart rate - ANSWER>>c. They include
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Which of the following is a true statement?
a. Antidiuretic hormone is not important for blood volume regulation
b. Endorphins increase with stress, resulting in a decrease in pain
perception
c. Epinephrine and cortisol act very differently
, lOMoAR cPSD| 57394295
d. Cortisol negates epinephrine's activity - ANSWER>>b. Endorphins
increase with stress, resulting in a decrease in pain perception
By what mechanism do lipid molecules cross cell membranes?
a. They use channel proteins as a membrane transport system
b. They are transported across the plasma membrane by endocytosis and
exocytosis
c. They use voltage-gated ion channels
d. They cross by diffusion - ANSWER>>d. They cross by diffusion
Which of the following metabolic processes is a component of anabolic
metabolism?
a. Protein synthesis
b. Glycolysis
c. Citric acid cycle
d. Oxidative phosphorylation - ANSWER>>a. Protein synthesis
Which of the following electrochemical mechanism is responsible for
maintaining cell volume? a. The calcium pump
b. Glucose transporters
c. The sodium-potassium pump
d. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters - ANSWER>>c. The
sodiumpotassium pump
Cellular hypoxia results in: a.
Enhanced ATP activity
b. Loss of intracellular calcium
c. Increased pH
d. Failure of the sodium-potassium pump - ANSWER>>d. Failure of the
sodium-potassium pump
A 75 yo woman develops weakness in her lower extremities after a
prolonged period of bed rest. This is most likely caused by: a.
Atrophy of her leg muscles
b. Dysplasia of her leg muscles
c. Hypertrophy of her leg muscles
, lOMoAR cPSD| 57394295
d. Hyperplasia of her leg muscles - ANSWER>>a. Atrophy of her leg
muscles
Which of the following types of cellular adaption is most likely to occur from
chronic ischemia? a. Hypertrophy
b. Metaplasia
c. Atrophy
d. Hyperplasia - ANSWER>>c. Atrophy
What is the mechanism of cellular injury that occurs when deep sea divers
get 'the bends'?
a. Free radicals form abnormal chemical bonds which destroy the cellular
membranes
b. Carbon monoxide binds tightly to hemoglobin, preventing the RBCs from
carrying O2
c. Intracellular calcium accumlation create muscle tetany
d. Gas bubbles from in the blood, blocking circulation and resulting in
ischemia - ANSWER>>d. Gas bubbles from in the blood, blocking
circulation and resulting in ischemia
Which type of cellular adaption would create the greatest concern if found
on a biopsy report? a. Dysplasia
b. Metaplasia
c. Hyperplasia
d. Atrophy - ANSWER>>a. Dysplasia
Which of the following is the process by which mRNA is synthesized from
single stranded DNA? a. Sense stranding
b. Replication
c. Translation
D. Transcription - ANSWER>>d. Transcription
Which of the following is not one of the 4 cell types found in adult humans?
a. Epithelium
b. Connective tissue
c. Hematopoietic tissue
d. Nervous tissue - ANSWER>>c. Hematopoietic tissue
