WGU D027 – Advanced Patho- Pharmacological Foundations | Complete Test Bank, Practice Questions, Study Guide & Rationales | 2025/2026

WGU D027 – Advanced Patho- Pharmacological Foundations | Complete Test Bank, Practice Questions, Study Guide & Rationales | 2025/2026 What medication should you avoid for patients with asthma? - CORRECT ANS Beta-blockers - Use calcium channel blockers to treat heart condition What some symptoms of patients with asthma? - CORRECT ANS Dry cough that occurs during the night or exercise - Chest pressure - Anxiety - Early awakening - Fast heart rate - Throat irritation - Difficulty breathing, wheezing, mouth breathing, shortness of breath What are some short-term pharmacological treatments for asthmatic patients? - CORRECT ANS Albuterol (ProAir HFA, Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA) - provides symptomatic relief, no effect on the inflammation of the disease process 2 | P a g e - Levalbuterol (Xopenex HFA) - Metaproterenol - Terbutaline What are some triggers that asthmatic patients should avoid? - CORRECT ANS Pollen or particular grasses - Animals and pet dander - Pest - Mold - Smoke What is the first step in asthma treatment? - CORRECT ANS Inhaled SABA (short-acting beta2-agonists) What is the fifth step in asthma treatment? - CORRECT ANS High-dose ICS (inhaled corticosteroids) and LABA (long-acting beta2-agonists) What is the fourth step in asthma treatment? - CORRECT ANS Medium dose ICS (inhaled corticosteroids) and LABA (long-acting beta2-agonists) 3 | P a g e What is the third step in asthma treatment? - CORRECT ANS Low-dose ICS (inhaled corticosteroids) and LABA (long-acting beta2-agonists) or medium-dose ICS (inhaled corticosteroids) What is the second step in asthma treatment? - CORRECT ANS Low dose ICS (inhaled corticosteroids) or theophylline - Singular (Montelukast, leukotriene) - Cromolyn (Intal, Colom - mast cell stabilizer) What is the sixth step in asthma treatment? - CORRECT ANS High-dose ICS (inhaled corticosteroids) and LABA (long-acting beta2-agonists) and oral-systemic corticosteroid What are the main causes of pneumonia? - CORRECT ANS Pathogen reaches airway and overwhelms causing inflammatory cascade - Fluid forms blocking diffusion (gas exchange) causing hypoxia and ultimately respiratory failure - Influenza that progresses down into the lungs - Streptococcus pneumoniae, Influenza A, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Chlamydophila pneumoniae 4 | P a g e What does the CURB acronym mean in regard to pneumonia? - CORRECT ANS Confusion - Urea 7 - Respiratory rate 30 - BP 90 systolic or 60 diastolic - Age 65 On chest x-ray, what is the difference in viral vs bacterial pneumonia? - correct- answer-- Viral: diffuse widespread whitening - Bacterial: patchy and consolidated, lobular What is the difference between having the flu vs a common cold? - correct- answer-- Colds usually develop slowly, whereas the flu flue tends to come on suddenly - Colds may be a bother, but the flu feels much more worse After 48 to 72 hours, the skin is checked. What is considered positive? - correct- answer-- 10 mm - However, you may see an induration on anyone who's had the TB immunization and this is considered normal and not positive 5 | P a g e What are some countries that administer Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine (for tuberculosis)? - CORRECT ANS South/Central America - Japan Which tuberculosis medication impacts oral contraceptives? - CORRECT ANS Rifampin What is small cell lung cancer? - CORRECT ANS The most common type of neuroendocrine lung tumor - Constitutes 15% of lung cancers and 25% of lung cancer deaths What has the strongest correlation to small cell lung cancer? - CORRECT ANS Smoking Why does small cell lung cancer have the worst prognosis or all lung cancers? - CORRECT ANS Tumors grow at a rapid rate and tend to metastasize early and widely - Survival time of untreated cases is 8% at 5 years How do you diagnose small cell lung cancer? - CORRECT ANS Chest x ray 6 | P a g e - Test for mutation in eGFR Where does small cell lung cancer derive from? - CORRECT ANS From neuroendocrine cells that contain neurosecretory granules and exist throughout the tracheobronical tree - Often associated with tumor-derived hormone production - Hormone production is important because resultant signs and symptoms called paraneoplastic syndromes may be the first manifestations of the underlying cancer What are some hormones that are related to small cell carcinoma? - correct- answer-- ADH (hyponatremia) - Calcitonin (hypocalcemia) - Serotonin (carcinoid syndrome) - Gonadotropins (gynecomastia) - Adrenocorticotropic hormone (Cushing's) - These syndromes are some of the first manifestations of the underlying cancer How do you correct pleural effusions? - CORRECT ANS Thoracentesis (needle decompression) - Diuretic (if it causes cardiac issues such as CHF) - Tube thoracostomy (chest tube) 7 | P a g e What are some recommended vaccines in pregnancy? - CORRECT ANS Influenza (inactivated) - Hepatitis B - Tdap What are some vaccines that are not recommended in pregnancy? - correct- answer-- HPV What are some vaccines that are contraindicated in pregnancy? - CORRECT ANS Influenza (LAIV) - MMR - Varicella - Zoster When would the Tdap vaccine be administered in pregnant women? - correct-