ONS-ONCC CHEMOTHERAPY
IMMUNOTHERAPY CERTIFICATE
EXAM LATEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Growth Signals - ANSWER>>-cancer cells are able to find their own growth signals
making them self-sufficient
Signal transduction - ANSWER>>-the communication or passage of a message telling
the cell to do a biologic process, such as make a protein, divide, or make new blood
vessels
Signal transduction steps - ANSWER>>1. Messages usually sent from outside the cell
where the messenger (ligand) first binds to the cell receptor which extended through the
cell membrane
The Normal Cell Cycle - ANSWER>>-The cell cycle refers to the ordered seres of
processes of DNA replication and mitosis, or cell division
-Cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and processing complexes
molecular information
Interphase and Mitotic Phase - ANSWER>>Cell division produces two identical cells
through these two major phases
During interphase: - ANSWER>>Cell grows and DNA is replicated through the following
three steps:
1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap)
,2: Synthesis phase (S phase)
3:Mitotic Phse (M phase)
First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap) - ANSWER>>-cells increase in size
-reproduce RNA
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
Synthesis Phase (S phase) - ANSWER>>-DNA replicates
-Results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids)
-which are attached a t the centromere
-lasts 2-10 hours
Mitotic Phase (M phase) - ANSWER>>-Replicated chromosomes are aligned,
separated, and move into 2 new, identical daughter cells
-takes about 30-60 minutes
Major points of cell regulation are entry and exit from - ANSWER>>-G1 checkpoint
-S Phase
-G2 checkpoint
, -M phase
Restriction Point - ANSWER>>-The transition from the resting phase into an actively
dividing phase (G0-G1) is a point where cellular transformation can occur
-During this time, cells pass through a transition phase known as a restriction point
-Extracellular growth factors trigger reentry into G1, and GF are required to send the
cells past the restriction point, or the point of no return
G0 Phase (resting phase) - ANSWER>>-After mitosis, cells may enter back into the G1
phase or go into a resting phase, known as G0
-Most cells in the human body reside in G0
-Exceptions to this are those that are (Resting in G0 phase) - ANSWER>>-Exceptions
to this are those that are metabollically active, such as
-granulocytes
-and the epithelium of the GI tract
Cell Cycling Time - ANSWER>>Amount of time from mitosis to mitosis
Cell cycle video and image -
ANSWER>>http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter
2/animation how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
Check points in the Cell Cycle: Keeping it All Under Control - ANSWER>>-The cell
cycle is carefully controlled through a series of checkpoints
IMMUNOTHERAPY CERTIFICATE
EXAM LATEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Growth Signals - ANSWER>>-cancer cells are able to find their own growth signals
making them self-sufficient
Signal transduction - ANSWER>>-the communication or passage of a message telling
the cell to do a biologic process, such as make a protein, divide, or make new blood
vessels
Signal transduction steps - ANSWER>>1. Messages usually sent from outside the cell
where the messenger (ligand) first binds to the cell receptor which extended through the
cell membrane
The Normal Cell Cycle - ANSWER>>-The cell cycle refers to the ordered seres of
processes of DNA replication and mitosis, or cell division
-Cell nucleus regulates these processes by gathering and processing complexes
molecular information
Interphase and Mitotic Phase - ANSWER>>Cell division produces two identical cells
through these two major phases
During interphase: - ANSWER>>Cell grows and DNA is replicated through the following
three steps:
1: First growth phase (G1 or first gap)
,2: Synthesis phase (S phase)
3:Mitotic Phse (M phase)
First Growth Phase (G1 or first gap) - ANSWER>>-cells increase in size
-reproduce RNA
-"quality assurance" test that the cell will be ready to synthesis DNA
-Length of time is variable, can be from hours to days
Synthesis Phase (S phase) - ANSWER>>-DNA replicates
-Results in the formation of identical pairs of DNA (chromatids)
-which are attached a t the centromere
-lasts 2-10 hours
Mitotic Phase (M phase) - ANSWER>>-Replicated chromosomes are aligned,
separated, and move into 2 new, identical daughter cells
-takes about 30-60 minutes
Major points of cell regulation are entry and exit from - ANSWER>>-G1 checkpoint
-S Phase
-G2 checkpoint
, -M phase
Restriction Point - ANSWER>>-The transition from the resting phase into an actively
dividing phase (G0-G1) is a point where cellular transformation can occur
-During this time, cells pass through a transition phase known as a restriction point
-Extracellular growth factors trigger reentry into G1, and GF are required to send the
cells past the restriction point, or the point of no return
G0 Phase (resting phase) - ANSWER>>-After mitosis, cells may enter back into the G1
phase or go into a resting phase, known as G0
-Most cells in the human body reside in G0
-Exceptions to this are those that are (Resting in G0 phase) - ANSWER>>-Exceptions
to this are those that are metabollically active, such as
-granulocytes
-and the epithelium of the GI tract
Cell Cycling Time - ANSWER>>Amount of time from mitosis to mitosis
Cell cycle video and image -
ANSWER>>http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter
2/animation how_the_cell_cycle_works.html
Check points in the Cell Cycle: Keeping it All Under Control - ANSWER>>-The cell
cycle is carefully controlled through a series of checkpoints
