WITH DETAILED ANSWERS
2025/2026
Static Measurement - ANSWERQuantity Measured does not change
0 Order System - ANSWERImmediate Response
First Order Instrument - ANSWERSimple Delayed response, measurement system
absorbs, stores energy when sensing variable
Second Order System Instrument - ANSWERDelayed response w/ potential
oscillation, system dissipates, stores energy, needs moving and inertial component
0 order input - ANSWERF(t), mm
0 Order Output - ANSWERy(t), V
y(t) - ANSWERTime Response
Second part of equation - ANSWERTransient Response
y0 - ANSWERInitial Condition at t=0
Γ(t) - ANSWERError Fraction
error is 100% - ANSWERwhen first order time is 0
First Order Instrument Critical Parameters - ANSWERK & τ
B(ω) - ANSWERAmplitude
ϕ(ω) - ANSWERPhase Shift
A - ANSWERAmplitude
2pi/ω - ANSWERFrequency
Lag in realistic response - ANSWERBecause of ϕ(ω)
1st & 2nd Order instruments have - ANSWERLagged Outputs
Does 0 order instruments have lag - ANSWERNo
B1 - ANSWERTime Delay