ATI FUNDAMENTALS PROCTORED EXAM ACTUAL QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
ANSWERS AND COMPREHENSIVE RATIONALES
A nurse is assisting a client who has right-sided weakness while ambulating using a
cane. Which of the following client actions should indicate to the nurse that the client
understands the procedure of cane walking?
A. The client holds the cane on the affected side.
B. The client advances the unaffected leg followed by the cane.
C. The client supports this weight on the unaffected leg when moving the cane forward.
D. The client keeps 2 points of support on the ground
D. The client keeps 2 points of support on the ground.
When ambulating with a cane, the client should keep 2 points of support on the ground
at all times.
A nurse is caring for a client who is well-hydrated and has no visible evidence of
nutritional deficiencies. A laboratory result within the expected reference range for which
of the following substances indicates adequate protein uptake and synthesis?
A. Albumin
B. Calcium
C. Sodium
D. Potassium
A. Albumin
The nurse should identify that an albumin level within the expected reference range is
an indication that the client has adequate protein uptake and synthesis. Albumin levels
measure protein status. They are useful for identifying long-term protein depletion rather
than short-term or acute changes in nutritional status
A nurse is calculating the protein needs of a young adult client who weighs 132 lb. The
RDA for protein for an adult who has no medical conditions is 0.8g/kg. How many grams
of protein per day should the nurse recommend for this client?
48 Grams
132/2.2=60 kg
60 kg x 0.8 g = 48 g
A nurse is reviewing a client's laboratory results and notes a WBC count of
3,600/mm^3. The nurse should identify this result as which of the following conditions?
A. Leukoplakia
B. Leukemia
,C. Leukocytosis
D. Leukopenia
D. Leukopenia
Leukopenia occurs when there is a decrease in the production of WBCs. The alteration
places the client at an increased risk of infection.
A nurse is providing teaching about nutritious diets to a group of adult women. Which of
the following statements should the nurse include?
A. "Include at least 3 g of sodium in your daily diet."
B. "Limit wine consumption to 230 mL daily."
C. "Include 2.5 cups of vegetables in your daily diet."
D. "Limit water intake to 1.5 L each day."
C. "Include 2.5 cups of vegetables in your daily diet."
Nutritious diets contain a variety of foods to ensure the required daily allowance of
nutrients is ingested. The nurse should instruct the women to include 2.5 cups of
vegetables and 2 cups of fruit in their daily diets. Fruits and vegetables should be a
variety of colors to provide an assortment of nutrients.
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following vascular surgery on the left
femoral artery. The nurse should identify that the surgical wound should be cleansed in
which of the following directions?
A. From the middle of the thigh toward the wound
B. From the left lower abdominal quadrant toward the wound
C. From the left hip toward the wound
D. From the wound toward the surrounding skin
D. From the wound toward the surrounding skin
The nurse should cleanse a surgical wound from the least contaminated location (the
inside of the wound) toward the most contaminated (the surrounding skin).
A nurse is providing preoperative teaching to a client who is scheduled for arthroplasty
in the next month and may require a blood transfusion. The client expresses concern
about the risk of acquiring an infection from the blood transfusion. Which of the following
statements should the nurse share with the client?
A. "Ask your provider to prescribe epoetin before the surgery."
B. "You should ask your provider about taking iron supplements prior to the surgery."
C. "Ask a family member to donate blood for you."
D. "Donate autologous blood before the surgery."
,D. "Donate autologous blood before the surgery."
Autologous blood transfusion is the collection and reinfusion of the client's blood. With
preoperative autologous blood donation, the blood is drawn from the client 3 to 5 weeks
before an elective surgical procedure and stored for transfusion at the time of the
surgery. Autologous blood is the safest form of blood transfusion because exclusive use
of a client's own blood eliminates exposure to a transfusion-transmitted infection.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) infection. A dietary assistant asks the nurse what precautions are necessary for
entering the client's room with the lunch tray. Which of the following instructions should
the nurse give to the dietary assistant?
A. Don a gown before entering the room and remove it before exiting.
B. Wear a mask while in the client's room.
C. Don gloves when entering the room and use hand sanitizer when exiting.
D. Take no special precautions unless engaging in direct contact with the client.
C. Don gloves when entering the room and use hand sanitizer when exiting.
Clients who have a MRSA infection require contact precautions. In addition to the use of
standard precautions and meticulous hand hygiene, contact precautions require any
staff member who will have contact with the client's environment to don gloves prior to
entering the room. Additional precautions, such as a gown, are required for contact with
the client; a mask and goggles are needed if secretions from the infected area could
spray into the worker's face. Delivering the tray will require contact with the client's
environment; therefore, the dietary assistant must wear gloves.
A nurse is performing an otoscopic examination of a client's right ear. The light reflex is
visible in the right lower quadrant of the tympanic membrane. Which of the following
actions should the nurse take in response to this finding?
A. Obtain an audiology referral
B. Document this as an expected finding
C. Irrigate the ear with warm water
D. Document mild inflammation
B. Document this as an expected finding
The light of the otoscope reflects off the tympanic membrane, which is cone-shaped or
triangular. In the right ear, it is visible in the right lower quadrant of the eardrum. In the
left ear, it is visible in the left lower quadrant.
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has dysphagia following a
cerebrovascular accident. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when
assisting the client at mealtime?
, A. Encourage the client to drink fluids before swallowing food
B. Offer the client tart or sour foods first
C. Tilt the client's head backward when swallowing
D. Turn on the television
B. Offer the client tart or sour foods first
A client who has impaired pharyngeal swallowing should consume tart and sour foods
at the beginning of the meal to stimulate saliva production, which aids chewing and
swallowing.
A nurse is providing nutrition counseling to a middle-aged adult client who has a
sedentary job. Which of the following factors should the nurse consider?
A. The risk of eating disorders increases at this age.
B. The client's basal metabolic rate could decrease.
C. Daily vitamins will be become necessary to meet nutritional needs.
D. Limiting the intake of fish to once per week reduces cardiovascular risks.
B. The client's basal metabolic rate could decrease.
The basal metabolic rate decreases as adipose tissue replaces skeletal muscle mass.
This places the client at risk of weight gain if a healthy diet is not maintained.
A nurse in a provider's office is measuring a client and notes a loss in height from the
previous year. The nurse should identify this finding as a manifestation of which of the
following musculoskeletal system disorders?
A. Osteoporosis
B. Scoliosis
C. Kyphosis
D. Lordosis
A. Osteoporosis
A loss of height is often an early indication of osteoporosis. This occurs due to loss of
calcium in the vertebrae, which can cause them to fracture and collapse.
A nurse on a medical-surgical unit is washing her hands prior to assisting with a surgical
procedure. Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates proper surgical
handwashing technique?
A. The nurse washes each part of her hands with 5 strokes.
B. The nurse washes from the elbows down to her hands.
ANSWERS AND COMPREHENSIVE RATIONALES
A nurse is assisting a client who has right-sided weakness while ambulating using a
cane. Which of the following client actions should indicate to the nurse that the client
understands the procedure of cane walking?
A. The client holds the cane on the affected side.
B. The client advances the unaffected leg followed by the cane.
C. The client supports this weight on the unaffected leg when moving the cane forward.
D. The client keeps 2 points of support on the ground
D. The client keeps 2 points of support on the ground.
When ambulating with a cane, the client should keep 2 points of support on the ground
at all times.
A nurse is caring for a client who is well-hydrated and has no visible evidence of
nutritional deficiencies. A laboratory result within the expected reference range for which
of the following substances indicates adequate protein uptake and synthesis?
A. Albumin
B. Calcium
C. Sodium
D. Potassium
A. Albumin
The nurse should identify that an albumin level within the expected reference range is
an indication that the client has adequate protein uptake and synthesis. Albumin levels
measure protein status. They are useful for identifying long-term protein depletion rather
than short-term or acute changes in nutritional status
A nurse is calculating the protein needs of a young adult client who weighs 132 lb. The
RDA for protein for an adult who has no medical conditions is 0.8g/kg. How many grams
of protein per day should the nurse recommend for this client?
48 Grams
132/2.2=60 kg
60 kg x 0.8 g = 48 g
A nurse is reviewing a client's laboratory results and notes a WBC count of
3,600/mm^3. The nurse should identify this result as which of the following conditions?
A. Leukoplakia
B. Leukemia
,C. Leukocytosis
D. Leukopenia
D. Leukopenia
Leukopenia occurs when there is a decrease in the production of WBCs. The alteration
places the client at an increased risk of infection.
A nurse is providing teaching about nutritious diets to a group of adult women. Which of
the following statements should the nurse include?
A. "Include at least 3 g of sodium in your daily diet."
B. "Limit wine consumption to 230 mL daily."
C. "Include 2.5 cups of vegetables in your daily diet."
D. "Limit water intake to 1.5 L each day."
C. "Include 2.5 cups of vegetables in your daily diet."
Nutritious diets contain a variety of foods to ensure the required daily allowance of
nutrients is ingested. The nurse should instruct the women to include 2.5 cups of
vegetables and 2 cups of fruit in their daily diets. Fruits and vegetables should be a
variety of colors to provide an assortment of nutrients.
A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following vascular surgery on the left
femoral artery. The nurse should identify that the surgical wound should be cleansed in
which of the following directions?
A. From the middle of the thigh toward the wound
B. From the left lower abdominal quadrant toward the wound
C. From the left hip toward the wound
D. From the wound toward the surrounding skin
D. From the wound toward the surrounding skin
The nurse should cleanse a surgical wound from the least contaminated location (the
inside of the wound) toward the most contaminated (the surrounding skin).
A nurse is providing preoperative teaching to a client who is scheduled for arthroplasty
in the next month and may require a blood transfusion. The client expresses concern
about the risk of acquiring an infection from the blood transfusion. Which of the following
statements should the nurse share with the client?
A. "Ask your provider to prescribe epoetin before the surgery."
B. "You should ask your provider about taking iron supplements prior to the surgery."
C. "Ask a family member to donate blood for you."
D. "Donate autologous blood before the surgery."
,D. "Donate autologous blood before the surgery."
Autologous blood transfusion is the collection and reinfusion of the client's blood. With
preoperative autologous blood donation, the blood is drawn from the client 3 to 5 weeks
before an elective surgical procedure and stored for transfusion at the time of the
surgery. Autologous blood is the safest form of blood transfusion because exclusive use
of a client's own blood eliminates exposure to a transfusion-transmitted infection.
A nurse is caring for a client who has a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) infection. A dietary assistant asks the nurse what precautions are necessary for
entering the client's room with the lunch tray. Which of the following instructions should
the nurse give to the dietary assistant?
A. Don a gown before entering the room and remove it before exiting.
B. Wear a mask while in the client's room.
C. Don gloves when entering the room and use hand sanitizer when exiting.
D. Take no special precautions unless engaging in direct contact with the client.
C. Don gloves when entering the room and use hand sanitizer when exiting.
Clients who have a MRSA infection require contact precautions. In addition to the use of
standard precautions and meticulous hand hygiene, contact precautions require any
staff member who will have contact with the client's environment to don gloves prior to
entering the room. Additional precautions, such as a gown, are required for contact with
the client; a mask and goggles are needed if secretions from the infected area could
spray into the worker's face. Delivering the tray will require contact with the client's
environment; therefore, the dietary assistant must wear gloves.
A nurse is performing an otoscopic examination of a client's right ear. The light reflex is
visible in the right lower quadrant of the tympanic membrane. Which of the following
actions should the nurse take in response to this finding?
A. Obtain an audiology referral
B. Document this as an expected finding
C. Irrigate the ear with warm water
D. Document mild inflammation
B. Document this as an expected finding
The light of the otoscope reflects off the tympanic membrane, which is cone-shaped or
triangular. In the right ear, it is visible in the right lower quadrant of the eardrum. In the
left ear, it is visible in the left lower quadrant.
A nurse is caring for an older adult client who has dysphagia following a
cerebrovascular accident. Which of the following actions should the nurse take when
assisting the client at mealtime?
, A. Encourage the client to drink fluids before swallowing food
B. Offer the client tart or sour foods first
C. Tilt the client's head backward when swallowing
D. Turn on the television
B. Offer the client tart or sour foods first
A client who has impaired pharyngeal swallowing should consume tart and sour foods
at the beginning of the meal to stimulate saliva production, which aids chewing and
swallowing.
A nurse is providing nutrition counseling to a middle-aged adult client who has a
sedentary job. Which of the following factors should the nurse consider?
A. The risk of eating disorders increases at this age.
B. The client's basal metabolic rate could decrease.
C. Daily vitamins will be become necessary to meet nutritional needs.
D. Limiting the intake of fish to once per week reduces cardiovascular risks.
B. The client's basal metabolic rate could decrease.
The basal metabolic rate decreases as adipose tissue replaces skeletal muscle mass.
This places the client at risk of weight gain if a healthy diet is not maintained.
A nurse in a provider's office is measuring a client and notes a loss in height from the
previous year. The nurse should identify this finding as a manifestation of which of the
following musculoskeletal system disorders?
A. Osteoporosis
B. Scoliosis
C. Kyphosis
D. Lordosis
A. Osteoporosis
A loss of height is often an early indication of osteoporosis. This occurs due to loss of
calcium in the vertebrae, which can cause them to fracture and collapse.
A nurse on a medical-surgical unit is washing her hands prior to assisting with a surgical
procedure. Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrates proper surgical
handwashing technique?
A. The nurse washes each part of her hands with 5 strokes.
B. The nurse washes from the elbows down to her hands.
